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19 - Cytokines and Chemokines in Inflammation and Cancer

from PART IV - IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2014

By
Thorsten Hagemann  and
Toby Lawrence
Edited by
Charles N. Serhan ,
Peter A. Ward  and
Derek W. Gilroy
With contributions by
Samir S. Ayoub
Thorsten Hagemann
Affiliation:
Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry
Toby Lawrence
Affiliation:
Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
Charles N. Serhan
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School
Peter A. Ward
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Derek W. Gilroy
Affiliation:
University College London
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Summary

Cytokines and chemokines are peptide mediators that regulate a broad range of processes involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancer. It is well established that an imbalance cytokine or chemokine activities can favor chronic inflammation leading to organ failure. Chemokines and cytokines are also implicated in malignant disease with links to tumor progression, angiogenesis, and invasion. Biological therapies targeting cytokines and chemokines have already improved outcomes of inflammatory disease and clinical trials are ongoing in cancer patients. Targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α represents a major success story for this approach. Anti-TNF-α was the first antibody against an inflammatory cytokine demonstrated to be efficacious in human disease and it showed over the years to be effective in a range of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and more recently, cancer.

CANCER AND INFLAMMATION

The cells and mediators of inflammation also form a major part of the tumor microenvironment. In some cancers, inflammatory conditions precede development of malignancy; in others, oncogenic changes drive a tumor-promoting inflammatory milieu. Whatever its origin, this “smoldering” inflammation aids proliferation and survival of malignant cells, angiogenesis, and metastasis; subverts adaptive immunity, and alters response to hormones and chemotherapeutic agents [1, 2]. The cytokine (Figure 19.1) and chemokine network (Figure 19.2) is of great importance in the processes of cancer-related inflammation regulating both host and malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment [3].

Type
Chapter
Information
Fundamentals of Inflammation , pp. 244 - 252
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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