Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-f46jp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-10T12:18:50.582Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

4 - Mechanical relaying techniques in cellular wireless networks

from Part I - Communication architectures and models for green radio networks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2012

By
Panayiotis Kolios ,
Vasilis Friderikos  and
Katerina Papadaki
Edited by
Ekram Hossain ,
Vijay K. Bhargava  and
Gerhard P. Fettweis
Panayiotis Kolios
Affiliation:
King's College London, UK
Vasilis Friderikos
Affiliation:
King's College London, UK
Katerina Papadaki
Affiliation:
King's College London, UK
Ekram Hossain
Affiliation:
University of Manitoba, Canada
Vijay K. Bhargava
Affiliation:
University of British Columbia, Vancouver
Gerhard P. Fettweis
Affiliation:
Technische Universität, Dresden
Get access

Summary

Introduction

The tendency to devise more sophisticated network-management solutions is expected to sharpen in the near future due to the need to reduce energy-consumption levels of large-scale deployed cellular networks. With the adoption of smart phones that enable full access to different internet applications, mobile users will continue to require more for less. In light of these emerging trends in the use of mobile phones, network operators need to increase network capacity to fulfil the demand, while at the same time keeping capital and operational expenditure low to maintain a competitive edge. Traditional approaches to provide energy efficiency focus on the different elements of the network such as reducing the energy consumption at the component (silicon) level. But it is becoming increasingly apparent that energy consumption should be considered as an architectural element in the design of the network. This more holistic (architectural) view calls for a system-level approach on issues related to energy consumption for the sustainable proliferation of emerging and future wireless networks.

In this chapter, we detail a relaying technique that can be used in general heterogenous wireless access network scenarios whereby mobile relay nodes are allowed to store information while on the move before they engage in transmission with another node or the base station (BS) at a later time instance. This is in fact the fundamental principle of communication in delay-tolerant networks (DTNs), where the silent assumption is that there is no end-to-end path between the source and destination nodes, either due to the sparsity of the communicating nodes or other communication constraints imposed by the specific nature of the network.

Type
Chapter
Information
Green Radio Communication Networks , pp. 78 - 96
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

[1] V., Cerf, et al., “Interplanetary Internet (IPN): architectural definition,” InterPlaNetary Internet Research Group, memo IPNRG architecture, 2001.Google Scholar
[2] V., Cerf, et al., “Delay-tolerant networking architecture,” IETF RFC 4838, Apr. 2007.Google Scholar
[3] K., Fall and S., Farrell, “DTN: an architectural retrospective,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 828–836, June 2008.Google Scholar
[4] K., Scott and S., Burleigh, “Bundle protocol specification,” IETF RFC 5050, Nov. 2007.Google Scholar
[5] R. C., Shah, et al., “Data mules: modelling a three-tier architecture for sparse sensor networks,” in Proc. of IEEE International Workshop on Sensor, Networks and Applications, pp. 30–41, May 2003.Google Scholar
[6] W., Zhao, M., Ammar, and E., Zegura, “A message ferrying approach for data delivery in sparse mobile ad hoc networks,” in Proc. of ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing, pp. 187–198, May 2004.Google Scholar
[7] W., Mitchener and A., Vadhat, “Epidemic routing for partially connected ad hoc networks,” Duke University, Technical Report Computer Science-2000-06, 2000.Google Scholar
[8] T., Spyropoulos, K., Psounis, and C. S., Raghavendra, “Spray and wait: an efficient routing scheme for intermittently connected mobile networks,” in Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Delay-Tolerant Networking, pp. 252–259, Aug. 2005.Google Scholar
[9] L., Tang, et al., “SMART: a selective controlled-flooding routing for delay tolerant networks,” in Proc. of IEEE Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks and Systems, pp. 356–365, Sept. 2007.Google Scholar
[10] A., Lindgren, A., Doria, and O., Schelen, “Probabilistic routing in intermittently connected networks,” in Proc. of ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing Communications Review, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 19–20, Jul. 2003.Google Scholar
[11] S., Jain, K., Fall, and R., Patra, “Routing in a delay tolerant network,” in Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM, pp. 145–158, Aug. 2004.Google Scholar
[12] A., Lindgren and P., Hui, “The quest for a killer app for opportunistic and delay tolerant networks,” in Proc. of ACM Workshop on Challenged Networks, Sept. 2009.Google Scholar
[13] “DRX mechanism for power saving in LTE,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 48–55, Jun. 2009.
[14] R., Pabst et al., “Relay-based deployment concepts for wireless and mobile broadband radio,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 80–89, Sept. 2004.Google Scholar
[15] Cisco, , “Visual networking index: global mobile data traffic forecast update, 2010-2015,” White Paper, Feb. 2011.Google Scholar
[16] J., Seymour, “The path to 4G: LTE and LTE-Advanced,” 4G World, Alcatel Lucent, Oct. 2010.Google Scholar
[17] Sandvine, , “Global Internet phenomena report: spring 2011,” Sandvine, Revision: 2011-05-12, May 2011.Google Scholar
[18] AT&T Inc., “Acquisition of T-Mobile USA, Inc. by AT&T Inc., Description of Transaction, Public Interest Showing and Related Demonstrations,” Filed with the Federal Communications Commission, Apr. 2011.
[19] S., Sesia, I., Toufik, and M., Baker, LTE: The UMTS Long Term Evolution From Theory to Practice. 1st ed., John Wiley & Sons Ltd, pp. 33, 2009.Google Scholar
[20] L., Ravindranath, et al., “Improving wireless network performance using sensor hints,” NSDI, Mar. 2011.Google Scholar
[21] J., Yao, S., Kanhere, and M., Hassan, “Improving QoS in high-speed mobility using bandwidth maps,” IEEE Transaction of Mobile Computing, to appear.
[22] K., Holger, “An overview of energy-efficiency techniques for mobile communication systems,” Report of AG Mobikom WG7, Sept. 2003.Google Scholar
[23] S., Glisic and B., Lorenzo, Advanced Wireless Networks: Cognitive, Cooperative & Opportunistic 4G Technology. 2nd ed., Wiley Press, pp. 65–69, June 2009.Google Scholar
[24] T., Jansen et al., “Handover parameter optimization in LTE self-organizing networks,” in Proc. of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Sept. 2009.Google Scholar
[25] I., Lequerica, P. M., Ruiz, and V., Cabrera, “Improvement of vehicular communications by using 3G capabilities to disseminate control information,” IEEE Network, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 32–38, Jan. 2010.Google Scholar
[26] S., Wang, J., Min, and B., Yi, “Location based services for mobiles: technologies and standards,” in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications, Tutorial, May 2008.Google Scholar
[27] Google, The mobile movement: understanding smartphone users, Google/IPSOS OTX MediaCT, Apr. 2011, [Online]. Available: www.google.com/think/insights.
[28] M., Werner et al., “Cellular in-band modem solution for eCall emergency data transmission,” in Proc. of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Apr. 2009.Google Scholar
[29] ETSI 3rd Generation Partnership Project, “LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); stage 2 functional specification of user equipment positioning in E-UTRAN,” ETSI Technical Specification 136 305 V9.0.0 Release 9, Oct. 2009.
[30] ETSI 3rd Generation Partnership Project, “Technical specification group radio access network study on minimization of drive-tests in next generation networks,” ETSI TR 36.805 v9.0.0, Dec. 2009.
[31] R., Pantos and W., May, HTTP live streaming, IETF, Internet Draft draft-pantos-http-live-streaming-05, [Online]. Available: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-pantos-http-live-streaming-05.
[32] N., Balasubramanian, A., Balasubramanian, and A., Venkataramani, “Energy consumption in mobile phones: a measurement study and implications for network applications,” CM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement, Nov. 2009.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×