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12 - Odysseus and Jesus

The king returns, unrecognized and abused in his kingdom

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2011

Bruce Louden
Affiliation:
University of Texas, El Paso
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Summary

As the hero who thematically triumphs over death, and can bring other mortals back from the underworld, Odysseus shares several traditional motifs with Christ as he is depicted in New Testament myth. Implicit in the episode of the Lotus Eaters, from which island Odysseus successfully brings all his men back alive, though against their will, Odysseus' ability to triumph over death is thematic throughout the Odyssey. The escape from Polyphêmos' cave, which suggests a miniature of the underworld, is perhaps the most emphatic instance. Odysseus saves all of his crew who entered the cave with him, except the six the Cyclops ate. On Aiaia, where half the crew had been turned into swine, he saves them by having Kirke restore their proper form. They would have otherwise been slaughtered, possibly eaten, if remaining in their porcine state, shut in pens to be fattened. Odysseus brings all his crew back from Hades (other than Elpenor, who had earlier gone by himself) after consulting Teiresias, a literal return from death. But the ability to triumph over death typifies most ancient heroes, and is thus a somewhat generic parallel between the Homeric Odysseus and Christ. The Odyssey depicts Odysseus' triumphs over death as heroic acts, fitting an epic modality, whereas NT myth depicts Christ's triumphs over death less as heroic acts, more as how a god, Dionysus, for instance, would accomplish such acts.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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  • Odysseus and Jesus
  • Bruce Louden, University of Texas, El Paso
  • Book: Homer's <I>Odyssey</I> and the Near East
  • Online publication: 04 February 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511779794.013
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  • Odysseus and Jesus
  • Bruce Louden, University of Texas, El Paso
  • Book: Homer's <I>Odyssey</I> and the Near East
  • Online publication: 04 February 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511779794.013
Available formats
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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Odysseus and Jesus
  • Bruce Louden, University of Texas, El Paso
  • Book: Homer's <I>Odyssey</I> and the Near East
  • Online publication: 04 February 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511779794.013
Available formats
×