Chapter 1 showed that much of the American public differentiates sharply between its views on the appropriate level of legal immigration and its views about how to address the status of the estimated 11 million illegal immigrants living in the United States. Americans certainly like legal immigration more than illegal immigration, and enforcement measures to stem the flow of illegal immigration or prompt some illegal immigrants to return to their countries of origin tend to be very popular as long as they do not involve heavy-handed or sweeping attempts at mass deportation.1 And illegal immigrants themselves are unfailingly viewed more “coldly” than immigrants generally. On the other hand, as we documented in Chapter 1, the most salient policy proposal for dealing with illegal immigrants already in the country – furnishing some sort of earned legal status or a “path to citizenship” for some or all in this group – receives overwhelming support in many polls.