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1747: victoryof the Durrani tribal federation led by Ahmad Shah of the Saddozay clan of the Popalzay tribe. He founded a Durrani empire which stretched as far as India
1761: victory of Panipat against the Marathes
1773–1793: reign of Timur Shah
1793–1799: reign of Zaman Shah
1803–1809: reign of Shah Shujaʿ
1809: British delegation to Peshawar led by Mountstuart Elphinstone
1809–1818: reign of Mahmud
1818–1835: civil war
1835–1863: reign of Dost Muhammad
1839–1842: first Anglo-Afghan war, the interregnum of Shah Shujaʿ
1856: the Persians take Heart
1863–1879: the reign of Shir ʿAli
1878: the second Anglo-Afghan war
1879: Treaty of Gandamak signed by Yaqub Khan, which included the agreement that a British representative should be installed at Kabul
1880: the British recognise Abdurrahman as Amir
1880: British defeat at Maywand
1885: occupation of the Panjdih oasis by the Russians
1887: Russo-Afghan agreement on the northern frontier of Afghanistan
1893: Durand agreement on the eastern frontier of Afghanistan
1901: death of Abdurrahman. His son Habibullah becomes Amir
1911: the founding of the modernist journal Siraj ul-Akhbar by Mahmud Tarzi
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