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9 - Linearization of RF power amplifiers with memory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2011

Patrick Roblin
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
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Summary

One of the most challenging issues in designing RF power amplifiers is the linearity requirement. The spurious emissions from nonlinear RF power amplifiers are spread out over neighboring channels. As more complex wideband modulation techniques such as wideband CDMA and OFDM are used and also combined in multi-carrier and even multiband transmitters, higher peak-to-average power ratios (PAPRs) (e.g. 4.5 dB for a handset and 12 dB for a basestation in WCDMA) result, imposing stronger linearity requirements on RF PAs. Memory effects also become more significant in highefficiency PAs operating with wideband signals and need to be taken into account for their linearization. As we shall see, memory effects can be classified into two main types: slow memory effects and fast memory effects [1] [2]. Slow memory effects, which usually encompass temperature effects [3], traps, and power supplies' response, can usually be dealt with using adaptive linearization techniques [4] [5]. On the other hand, fast memory effects, which typically originate from the intrinsic transistor as well as matching and bias networks, are usually observed above 1 MHz [2] and require more advanced instantaneous linearization techniques.

This chapter will focus on predistortion linearization for a few canonic cases. First we will demonstrate how predistortion linearization is affected by electrical and self-heating memory effects. Next we will investigate the linearization of quasimemory-less PA exhibiting AM/AM and AM/PM distortion. The linearization of PA with memory will then be studied for the case of PAs that are well modeled using memory polynomials [6] [7].

Type
Chapter
Information
Nonlinear RF Circuits and Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzers
Interactive Measurement and Design Techniques
, pp. 262 - 279
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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References

[1] J. S., Kenney, W., Woo, L., Ding, R., Raich, H., Ku, and G. T., Zhou, “The impact of memory effects on predistortion linearization of RF power amplifiers,” in Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Microwave and Optical Techniques, Montreal, pp. 189–193, 2001.Google Scholar
[2] W., Dai and P., Roblin, “Distributed and multi-time-constant electro-thermal modeling and its impact on ACPR in RF predistortion,” in 62nd ARFTG Conference Digest, Denver, CO, 2003.Google Scholar
[3] J., Vuolevi and T., Rahkonen, Distortion in RF Power Amplifiers, Artech House, 2003.Google Scholar
[4] S., Boumaiza, J., Gauthier, and F. M., Ghannouchi, “Dynamic electro-thermal behavioral model for RF power amplifiers,” in Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, Vol. 1, pp. 351–354, 2003.Google Scholar
[5] S., Boumaiza and F., Ghannouchi, “Thermal memory effect modeling and compensation in RF power amplifiers and predistortion linearizer,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 51, No. 12, pp. 2427–2433, Dec. 2003.Google Scholar
[6] J., Kim and K., Konstantinou, “Digital predistortion of wideband signals based on power amplifier model with memory,” Electronics Letters, Vol. 37, No. 23, pp. 1417–1418, Dec. 2001.Google Scholar
[7] L., Ding, G. T., Xhou, D. R., Morgan, Z., Ma, J. S., Kenney, J., Kim, and C. R., Giardina, “A robust digital baseband predistorter constructed using memory polynomials,” IEEE Journal of Communication, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 159–165, Jan. 2004.Google Scholar
[8] P., Roblin, S. K., Myoung, D., Chaillot, Y. G., Kim, A., Fathimulla, J., Strahler, and S., Bibyk, “Frequency selective predistortion linearization of RF power amplifiers,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 65–76, Jan. 2008.Google Scholar
[9] Xi, Yang, P., Roblin, D., Chaillot, S., Mutha, J., Strahler, J., Kim, M., Ismail, J., Wood, and J., Volakis, “Fully orthogonal multi-carrier predistortion linearization for RF power amplifiers,” in IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, MTT '09, pp. 1077–1080, 2009.Google Scholar

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