Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-c9gpj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-15T20:07:20.864Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

2 - Flow regimes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2013

Thomas J. Hanratty
Thomas J. Hanratty
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Get access

Summary

Need for a phenomenological understanding

The one-dimensional analysis and the correlations for frictional pressure drop and void fraction (presented in Chapter 1) have been widely used as a starting point for engineering designs. However, these correlations have the handicap that the structure of the phase boundaries is ignored. As a consequence, they often give results which are only a rough approximation and overlook phenomena which could be of first-order importance in understanding the behavior of a system.

It is now recognized that the central issue in developing a scientific approach to gas–liquid flows is the understanding of how the phases are distributed and of how the behavior of a multiphase system is related to this structure (Hanratty et al., 2003). Of particular interest is the finding that macroscopic behavior is dependent on small-scale interactions. An example of this dependence is that the presence of small amounts of high molecular weight polymers can change an annular flow into a stratified flow by damping interfacial waves (Al-Sarkhi & Hanratty, 2001a).

Type
Chapter
Information
Physics of Gas-Liquid Flows , pp. 27 - 57
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Al-Sarkhi, A. & Hanratty, T. J. 2001a. Effect of drag-reducing polymers on annular gas–liquid flow in a horizontal pipe. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 27, 1152–1162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Sarkhi, A. & Hanratty, T. J. 2001b Effect of pipe diameter on the performance drag-reducing polymers in annular gas–liquid flows. Trans IChemE, 79 A, 402–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreussi, P. & Persen, L. N. 1987 Stratified gas–liquid flow in downwardly inclined pipes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 13, 565–575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreussi, P., Asali, J. C. & Hanratty, T. J. 1985 Initiation of roll waves in gas–liquid flows. AIChE Jl 21, 119–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andritsos, N. & Hanratty, T. J. 1987 Interfacial instabilities for horizontal gas–liquid flows in pipelines. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 13, 583–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andritsos, N., Williams, L. & Hanratty, T. J. 1989 Effect of liquid viscosity on the stratified-slug transition in horizontal pipe flow. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 15, 877–892.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andritsos, N., Bontozoglou, V. & Hanratty, T. J. 1992 Transition to slug flow in horizontal pipes. Chem. Eng. Comm. 118, 361–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baik, S. & Hanratty, T. J. 2003a Concentration profiles of droplets and prediction of the transition from stratified to annular flow in horizontal pipes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 29, 329–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baik, S. & Hanratty, T. J. 2003b Effects of a drag-reducing polymer on stratified gas–liquid flow in a large diameter horizontal pipe. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 29, 1749–1757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnea, D., Shoham, O., Taitel, Y. & Dukler, A. E. 1980 Flow pattern transition for gas–liquid flow in horizontal and inclined pipes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 6, 387–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, A. W., Hewitt, G. F., Kearsey, H. A., Keeys, R. K. F. & Lacey, P. M. C. 1965 Flow visualization studies of boiling at high pressure. AERE-R4874.
Bennett, A. W., Hewitt, G. F., Kearsey, H. A. & Keeys, R. K. F. 1967 Heat transfer to steam–water mixtures flowing in uniformly heated tubes in which the critical heat flux has been exceeded. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. 180 (3C): 1–11. AERE-R15373, presented in Hewitt & Hall-Taylor 1970.Google Scholar
Bousman, W. S., McQuillen, J. B. & Witte, L. C. 1996 Gas–liquid flow patterns in microgravity: effects of tube diameter, liquid viscosity and surface tension. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 22, 1035–1053.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brauner, N. & Barnea, D. 1986 Slug/churn transition in upward gas–liquid flow. Chem. Eng. Sci. 40, 159–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, H., Hills, J. H. & Azzopardi, B. J. 1998 A study of the bubble to slug transition in vertical gas–liquid flow in columns of different diameter. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 24, 431–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, L. S. & Hanratty, T. J. 1965 Generation of waves in the concurrent flow of air and a liquid. AIChE Jl 11, 138–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colin, C., Fabre, J. & Dukler, A. E. 1991 Gas liquid flow at microgravity conditions:1 Dispersed bubble and slug flow. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 17, 533–544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowley, C. J., Sem, R. G. & Rothe, P. H. 1986 Investigation of two-phase flow in horizontal and inclined pipes at large pipe size and high gas density. Report TN-399 for the Pipeline Research Committee,American Gas Associates, Hanover, NH.Google Scholar
Damianides, C. A. & Westwater, J. W. 1988. Two-phase flow patterns in a compact heat exchanger and in small tubes. Second UK National Conference on Heat Transfer, Glasgow, 14–16 September. London: Mechanical Engineering Publications, pp. 1257–1268. (See also Damianides, C. A. 1987 Horizontal two-phase flow of air–water mixtures in small diameter tubes and compact heat exchangers, Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.)Google Scholar
Delhaye, J. M. 1981 Two-phase flow patterns. In Two-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer in the Power and Process Industries, eds Bergles, A. E., Collier, J. G., Delhaye, J. M., Hewitt, G. F., & Mayinger, F., Washington, DC: Hemisphere.Google Scholar
Dukler, A. E. & Hubbard, M. G. 1975 A model for gas–liquid slug flow in horizontal tubes. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals 14, 337–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dukler, A. E. & Taitel, Y. 1986 Flow pattern transitions in gas–liquid systems: Measurement and modelling. Multiphase Sci. Technol. 2, 1–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dukler, A. E., Fabre, J. A., McQuillen, J. B. & Vernon, R. 1988 Gas–liquid flow at microgravity conditions: flow patterns and their transitions. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 14, 389–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fan, Z., Lusseyran, F. & Hanratty, T. J. 1993 Initiation of slugs in horizontal gas–liquid flows. AIChE Jl 39, 1742–1753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fukano, T. & Kariyasaki, A. 1993 Characteristics of gas–liquid two-phase flow in a capillary tube. Nucl. Eng. Des. 141, 59–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghiaasiaan, M. 2003 Gas–liquid two-phase flow and boiling in microchannels. Multiphase Sci. Technol. 15, 323–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Govier, G. W. & Aziz, K. 1972 The Flow of Complex Mixtures in Pipes. New York: VanNostrand Reinhold.Google Scholar
Griffith, P. & Snyder, G. A. 1964 The bubbly-slug transition in a high velocity two-phase flow. MIT Report 5003–29 (TID-20947).
Hanratty, T. J. & Engen, J. M. 1957 Interaction between a turbulent air stream and a moving water surface. AIChE Jl 3, 294–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanratty, T. J. & Hershman, A. 1961 Initiation of roll wavesAIChE Jl 7, 488–497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanratty, T. J., Theofanous, T., Delhaye, J.-M., Eaton, J., McLaughlin, J., Prosperetti, A., Sundaresan, S. & Tryggvason, G. 2003 Workshop on scientific issues in multiphase flow. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 29, 1042–1116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harmathy, T. Z. 1960 Velocity of large drops and bubbles in media of infinite or restricted extent. AIChE Jl 6, 281–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hewitt, G. F. & Hall-Taylor, N. S. 1970 Annular Two-Phase Flow. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Hurlburt, E. T. & Hanratty, T. J. 2002 Prediction of the transition of from stratified to slug and plug flow for long pipes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 28, 707–729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishii, M., Pavanjope, S. S., Kim, S. & Sun, X. 2004 Interfacial structure and interfacial area transport in downward two-phase bubbly flow. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 30, 779–801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jayanti, S. & Brauner, N. 1994 Churn flow. Multiphase Sci. & Technol. 8, 471–521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeffreys, H. 1925 On the formation of water waves by wind. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A107, 189–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawahara, A., Chung, P. M.-Y., & Kawaji, M. 2002 Investigation of two-phase flow pattern and pressure drop in a microchannel. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 28, 1411–1435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kocamustafaogullari, G. & Wang, Z. 1991 An experimental study on local interfacial parameters in a horizontal bubbly two-phase flow. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 17, 553–572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kordyban, E. S. & Ranov, T. 1970 Mechanism of slug formation in horizontal two-phase flow. J. Basic Eng. 92, 857–864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kytömaa, H. K. & Brennan, C. E. 1991 Small amplitude kinematic wave propagation in two-component media. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 17, 13–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lighthill, M. J. & Whitham, G. B. 1955 On kinematic waves. 1. Flood movement in long rivers; 2. Theory of traffic flow on long narrow roads. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A229, 281–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, P. Y. & Hanratty, T. J. 1986 Prediction of the initiation of slugs with linear stability theory. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 12, 79–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, P.  Y. & Hanratty, T. J. 1987a Detection of slug flow from pressure measurements. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 15, 13–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, P. Y. & Hanratty, T. J. 1987b Effect of pipe diameter on flow patterns for air–water flow in horizontal pipes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 13, 549–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mandhane, J. M., Gregory, G. A. & Aziz, K. A. 1974 A flow pattern map for gas–liquid flow in horizontal pipes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1, 537–551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manfield, C. J., Lawrence, C. & Hewitt, G. 1999 Drag-Reduction with additives in multiphase flow. Multiphase Sci. Technol. 11, 197–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McQuillan, K. W. & Whalley, P. B. 1985 Flow patterns in vertical two-phase flow. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 11, 161–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niklin, D. J., Wilkes, J. O. & Davidson, J. F. 1962 Two-phase flow in vertical tubes. Trans. IChem E 40, 61–68.Google Scholar
Omebere-lyari, N. K. & Azzopardi, B. J. 2000 Links across flow-patterns in gas–liquid flow in vertical pipes. Paper presented at the 2nd Japanese-European Two-Phase Group Meeting, Tsukuba, 25–29 September.
Omebere-lyari, N. K., Azzopardi, B. J., Lucas, D., Beyer, M. & Prasser, H-M. 2008 The characteristics of gas/liquid flow in large risers at high pressures. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 34, 461–476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oshimoto, T. & Charles, M. E. 1974 Vertical two-phase flow, Part 1. Flow pattern correlations. Can. J. Chem. Engng 52, 25–35.Google Scholar
Reimann, J. & Seeger, J. W. 1981 Transition to annular flow in horizontal air–water and steam–water flow. Report of Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe, KfK 3198.
Ruder, Z. & Hanratty, T. J. 1990 A definition of gas–liquid flow in horizontal pipes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 16, 233–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruder, Z., Hanratty, P. J. & Hanratty, T. J. 1989 Necessary conditions for the existence of stable slugs. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 15, 209–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sam, R. G. & Crowley, C. J. 1986. Investigation of two-phase processes in coal slurry/hydrogen heaters. Creare Report TH-1085 for Department of Energy.
Sekoguchi, K., Mori, K. & Masuo, K. 1996 Interfacial profiles and flow characteristics in vertical downward two-phase plug and foam flows. Chem. Eng. Comm. 141, 415–441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serizawa, A. & Feng, Z. P. 2000 Reviews of two-phase flow in microchannels. In The US-Japan Seminar on Two-Phase Flow Dynamics, June 4–9, Santa Barbara, CA.Google Scholar
Serizawa, A. & Feng, Z. P. 2001 Two-phase flow in microchannels. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Multiphase Flow, May 27–June 1, New Orleans, LA.Google Scholar
Soleimani, A. & Hanratty, T. J. 2003 Critical liquid flows for the transition from pseudo-slug and stratified patterns to slug flow. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 29, 51–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soleimani, A., Al-Sarkhi, A. & Hanratty, T. J., 2002. Effect of drag-reducing polymers on pseudo-slugs, interfacial drag and transition to slug flow. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 28, 1911–1927.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taitel, Y. & Dukler, A. E. 1976 A model for predicting flow regime transitions in horizontal and near-horizontal gas–liquid flow. AIChE Jl 22, 47–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taitel, Y. & Dukler, A. E. 1987 Effect of pipe length on the transition boundaries for high viscosity liquids. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 13, 577–581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taitel, Y., Barnea, D. & Dukler, A. 1980 Modelling flow transitions for steady upward gas–liquid flow in vertical tubes. AIChE Jl 26 345–354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toms, B. A. 1948 Some observations on the flow of linear polymer solutions through straight tubes at large Reynolds numbers. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Rheology, Vol. 2, Amsterdam: North Holland, 135–141.Google Scholar
Triplett, K. A., Ghiaasiaan, S. M., Abdel-Khalik, S. I. & Sadowski, D. L. 1999 Gas–liquid two-phase flow in microchannels Part 1: two-phase flow patterns. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 25, 377–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallis, G. B. 1969 One Dimensional Two-phase Flow. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Wallis, G. B. & Dobson, J. E. 1973 The onset of slugging in horizontal stratified air–water flow. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1, 173–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woods, B. D. & Hanratty, T. J. 1996 Relation of slug stability to shedding rate. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 22, 809–828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woods, B. D., Hurlburt, E. T. & Hanratty, T. J. 2000 Mechanism of slug formation in downwardly inclined pipes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 26, 977–998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, H. L., Pots, B. F. M., Hollenburg, J. F. & Meerhof, R. 1987. Flow pattern transitions in two-phase gas/condensate flow at high pressre in an 8-inch horizontal pipe. In Proceedings of the 3rd BHRA Conference on Multiphase Flow, The Hague, The Netherlands, 13–21.Google Scholar
Zhao, L. & Rezkallah, K. S. 1993 Gas–liquid flow patterns at microgravity conditions. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 19, 751–763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuber, N. & Findlay, J. A. 1965 Average volumetric concentration in two phase flow systems. J. Heat Transfer 87, 453–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Flow regimes
  • Thomas J. Hanratty, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
  • Book: Physics of Gas-Liquid Flows
  • Online publication: 05 November 2013
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139649421.004
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Flow regimes
  • Thomas J. Hanratty, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
  • Book: Physics of Gas-Liquid Flows
  • Online publication: 05 November 2013
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139649421.004
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Flow regimes
  • Thomas J. Hanratty, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
  • Book: Physics of Gas-Liquid Flows
  • Online publication: 05 November 2013
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139649421.004
Available formats
×