The final chapter of the book examines the concept of the patria. This chapter demonstrates the ways in which the language of loyalty to the patrie/patria is seen as a fusion of patriotic ideals of citizenship with sacred devotion to the church. The slippage between the particularity of the French case and the universalising framework of Christian theology thereby renders the crisis of obedience an eschatological as well as a constitutional one. Whether located in Paris, as the communis patria, or in France as a new Jerusalem, the concept of commonwealth, the common good and the collective salvation of the people is identified through the language of patrie/patria in these polemics. This chapter looks at these ideas from two perspectives: the problem of reconciling Spanish support for the League with the claim to be defending the French patria, and the intellectual connections between English Jesuit exiles and League political thought.