The republican rulers promoted positivism and tried to eliminate spiritual and traditional beliefs and practices by banning the systematic acts of visiting sacred tombs, faith healing, sorcery, Islamic tariqas, and sacred tombs. Besides, the new Civil Code, adopted in 1926 from the Swiss law, forbade polygamy and equated women with men. This chapter shows that despite this major legal reform and the government’s effort to eliminate existing spiritual and traditional beliefs and practices, the established ways of life and patterns of relations between men and women survived even in the big cities. This chapter also underlines the social and economic factors that underpinned the survival of these beliefs and practices.