Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-21T16:12:59.516Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 21 - Management of the Mental Health Emergency in the Community

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2024

By
Mathew Page  and
Matthew Truscott
Edited by
Roland Dix ,
Stephen Dye  and
Stephen M. Pereira
Roland Dix
Affiliation:
Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester
Stephen Dye
Affiliation:
Norfolk and Suffolk Foundation Trust, Ipswich
Stephen M. Pereira
Affiliation:
Keats House, London
Get access

Summary

Management of the mental health emergency in the community is an emerging specialism in the United Kingdom. It works at the complex interface between the police and ambulance services and mental health system. This chapter provides an account of specialist psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU) experience with the associated skills and knowledge from the inpatient setting for intervening as early as possible in mental health emergencies. By offering solutions which ensure the right help is available as soon as possible, it has been found that the need for more restrictive interventions can be avoided; mental health care being consistent with other branches of clinical services in upholding the maxim that ‘prevention is better than cure’.

Keywords

psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU)health-based place of safety (HBPoS)policeambulancemental health emergency
Type
Chapter
Information
Psychiatric Intensive Care , pp. 268 - 278
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adewusi, L, Mark, I, Wells, P and O’Brien, A. (2022) A Retrospective Cohort Study Describing Characteristics of Those Repeatedly Detained Under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act Over a 5-Year Period and the Association With Past Abuse. Medicine, Science and the Law 62 (2) 124–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgess, JL, White, SJ and O’Brien, A (2017) Retrospective Cohort Follow-Up Study of Individuals Detained Under Section 136. British Journal of Psychiatry: Open 3 (6) 281–4.Google ScholarPubMed
de Jong, IC, van der Ham, LAJ and Waltz, MM (2022) Responding to Persons in Mental Health Crisis: A Cross-Country Comparative Study of Professionals’ Perspectives on Psychiatric Ambulance and Street Triage Models. Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being (7) 36–S44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dix, R (2022) The National Association of Psychiatric Intensive Care Units: 25 years not out. Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care 18 (1) 5–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dix, R and Page, M (2023) Physical Environment. In Dix, R, Dye, S and Pereira, SM (eds.), Psychiatric Intensive Care, 3rd ed. (in print).Google Scholar
Genziani, M, Gillard, S, Samuels, L and Chambers, M (2020) Emergency Workers’ Experiences of the Use of Section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983: Interpretative Phenomenological Investigation. British Journal of Psychiatry Bulletin 44 (6) 250–4.Google ScholarPubMed
Goodall, T, Newton, E, Larkin, M (2019) What are the critical incidents that affect how people cope with being detained under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983, 2007)? International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice 23 (3) 194–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Home Office (2022) Police Powers and Procedures: Other PACE Powers, England and Wales, Year Ending 31 March 2022. (online) www.gov.uk/government/statistics/police-powers-and-procedures-other-pace-powers-england-and-wales-year-ending-31-march-2022/police-powers-and-procedures-other-pace-powers-england-and-wales-year-ending-31-march-2022#detentions-under-section-136-of-the-mental-health-act-1983.Google Scholar
Kirubarajan, A, Puntis, S, Perfect, D, Tarbit, M, Buckman, M and Molodynski, A (2018) Street Triage Services in England: Service Models, National Provision, and the Opinions of Police. British Journal of Psychiatry Bulletin 42 (6) 253–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Legislation.gov.uk (2022) Health and Care Act 2022. (online) www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2022/31/contents/enacted.Google Scholar
Legislation.gov.uk (2012) Health and Social Care Act 2012. (online)www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2012/7/contents/enacted.Google Scholar
Legislation.gov.uk (2005) Mental Capacity Act 2005. (online)www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/9/contents.Google Scholar
Legislation.gov.uk (1983) Mental Health Act 1983. (online) www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/20/contents.Google Scholar
Legislation.gov.uk (2017) Mental Health Act 1983 (Places of Safety) Regulations (2017). (online) www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/1036/contents/made.Google Scholar
Medico-Psychological Association (1884) Handbook for the Instruction of Attendants on the Insane. London: Balliere Tindall.Google Scholar
NHS Digital (2022) Mental Health Act Statistics, Annual Figures, 2021–22. (online) https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/mental-health-act-statistics-annual-figures/2021-22-annual-figuresGoogle Scholar
Nolan, P (1993) A History of Mental Health Nursing. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes.Google Scholar
O’Brien, A, Sethi, F, Smith, M and Bartlett, A (2018) Public Mental Health Crisis Management and Section 136 of the Mental Health Act. Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (5):349–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pope, LG, Warnock, A, Perry, TH, Langlois, S, Anderson, S, Boswell, T, et al. (2022) Information Sharing Across Mental Health Service Providers and Criminal Legal System Stakeholders: Perspectives of People with Serious Mental Illnesses and Their Family Members. Social Science & Medicine 307(C).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pugh, D and Laidlaw, J (2016) Sections 135 and 136: Running a health-based place of safety in Gloucestershire. Medicine, Science and the Law 56(2):99–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puntis, S, Perfect, D, Kirubarajan, A, Bolton, S, Davies, F, Hayes, A, et al. (2018) A Systematic Review of Co-Responder Models of Police Mental Health ‘Street’ Triage. BMC Psychiatry 18 (1) 256.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramesh, Y and Kripalani, M (2021) Section 136: The ‘Grey Zone’ After the 24-Hour Validity Period Lapses. British Journal of Psychiatry: Advances 27(1) 62–4.Google Scholar
Renkiewicz, GK and Hubble, MW (2022) Secondary Traumatic Stress in Emergency Services Systems (STRESS) Project: Quantifying and Predicting Compassion Fatigue in Emergency Medical Services Personnel. Prehospital Emergency Care 26 (5) 652–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sondhi, A, luger, L, Toleikyte, L and Williams, E (2018) Patient Perspectives of Being Detained Under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act: Findings from a Qualitative Study in London. Medicine, Science and the Law 58 (3)159–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sougias, K, Fernbacher, S and Lim, I (2022) Safety Over Privacy: Family Violence, Information Sharing, and Mental Health Care. Australasian Psychiatry 30 (5) 604–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ulrich, RS, Bogren, L, Gardiner, SK, and Lundin, S (2018) Psychiatric Ward Design Can Reduce Aggressive Behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology 57: 53–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
United Kingdom Parliament (1808) County Asylums Act. London: UK Parliament.Google Scholar
United Kingdom Parliament (1845) County Asylums Act. London: UK Parliament.Google Scholar
United Kingdom Parliament (1853) Lunatic Asylums Act. London: UK Parliament.Google Scholar
United Kingdom Parliament (1959) Mental Health Act. London: UK Parliament.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×