Abrams, Dominic, and Hogg, Michael A.. 2004. Metatheory: Lessons from social identity research. Personality and Social Psychology Review 8, no. 2: 98–106.Google Scholar

Acampora, Ralph. 2001. Real animals? An inquiry on behalf of relational zoöntology. Human Ecology Review 8, no. 2: 73–78.Google Scholar

Acampora, Ralph. 2005. Zoos and eyes: Contesting captivity and seeking successor practices. Society and Animals 13, no. 1: 69–88.Google Scholar

Acampora, Ralph R. 2006. Corporal compassion: Animal ethics and philosophy of body. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar

Ajzen, Icek. 1991. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50, no. 2: 179–211.Google Scholar

Allen, Sue. 2002. Looking for learning in visitor talk: A methodological exploration. In Leinhardt, Gaea, Crowley, Kevin, and Knutson, Karen, eds., Learning conversations in museums, 259–303. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.Google Scholar

Andereck, Kathleen L., and Caldwell, Linda L.. 1994. Variable selection in tourism market segmentation models. Journal of Travel Research 33, no. 2: 40–46.Google Scholar

Anderson, Ursula S., Kelling, Angela S., Pressley-Keough, Robin, Bloomsmith, Mollie A., and Maple, Terry L.. 2003. Enhancing the zoo visitor’s experience by public animal training and oral interpretation at an otter exhibit. Environment and Behavior 35, no. 6: 826–841.Google Scholar

Anthony, Lawrence, and Spence, Graham. 2009. The elephant whisperer: My life with the herd in the African wild. New York: Henry Holt and Company.Google Scholar

Archibald, Robert R. 2004. The new town square: Museums and communities in transition. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.Google Scholar

Ash, Doris. 2003. Dialogic inquiry in life science conversations of family groups in a museum. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 40, no. 2: 138–162.Google Scholar

Ashmore, Richard D., Deaux, Kay, and McLaughlin-Volpe, Tracy. 2004. An organizing framework for collective identity: Articulation and significance of multidimensionality. Psychological Bulletin 130, no. 1: 80–114.Google Scholar

Associated Press. 2005. Joy as New Orleans zoo opens again, recovered from Katrina. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, November 26.Google Scholar

Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2004. Measuring social capital, an Australian framework and indicators. Canberra, Commonwealth of Australia.Google Scholar

Axelsson, Tony, and May, Sarah. 2008. Constructed landscapes in zoos and heritage. International Journal of Heritage Studies 14, no. 1: 43–59.Google Scholar

Ballantyne, Roy, and Packer, Jan. 2011. Using tourism free‐choice learning experiences to promote environmentally sustainable behaviour: The role of post‐visit “action resources.” Environmental Education Research 17, no. 2: 201–215.Google Scholar

Ballantyne, Roy, and Packer, Jan. 2016. Visitors’ perceptions of the conservation education role of zoos and aquariums: Implication for the provision of learning experiences. Visitor Studies 19: 193–221.Google Scholar

Ballantyne, Roy, Packer, Jan, and Sutherland, Lucy A.. 2011. Visitors’ memories of wildlife tourism: Implications for the design of powerful interpretive experiences. Tourism management 32, no. 4: 770–779.Google Scholar

Ballantyne, Roy, Hughes, Karen, Lee, Julie, Packer, Jan, and Sneddon, Joanne. 2018. Visitors’ values and environmental learning outcomes at wildlife attractions: Implications for interpretive practice. Tourism Management 64: 190–201.Google Scholar

Balmford, Andrew, Leader-Williams, Nigel, Mace, Georgina, Manica, Andrea, Walter, Olivia, West, Chris, and Zimmermann, Alexandra. 2007. Message received? Quantifying the impact of informal conservation education on adults visiting UK zoos. In Zimmermann, Alexandra, Hatchwell, Matthew, Dickie, Lesley, and West, Chris, eds., Zoos in the 21st century: Catalysts for conservation? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Bandura, Albert. 2012. Moral disengagement. In Christie, Daniel J., ed., Encyclopedia of peace psychology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.Google Scholar

Baratay, Eric and Hardouin-Fugier, Elisabeth. 2004. Zoo: A history of zoological gardens in the West, second ed. Trans. Welsh, Oliver. London: Reaktion Books.Google Scholar

Baumeister, Roy F., ed. 1999. The self in social psychology. London: Psychology Press.Google Scholar

Baumeister, Roy F., and Leary, Mark R.. 1995. The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin 117, no. 3: 497–529.Google Scholar

Beardsworth, Alan, and Bryman, Alan. 2001. The wild animal in late modernity: The case of the Disneyization of zoos. Tourist Studies 10, no. 1: 83–104.Google Scholar

Beckman, John. 2014. American fun: Four centuries of joyous revolt. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar

Beirne, Pierce, and South, Nigel. 2012. Animal rights, animal abuse and green criminology. In Issues in green criminology, 77–106. Philadelphia: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar

Bekoff, Marc. 2003. Minding animals, minding earth: Science, nature, kinship, and heart. Human Ecology Review 10, no. 1: 56–76.Google Scholar

Bekoff, Marc, and Pierce, Jessica. 2010. Wild justice: The moral lives of animals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Benbow, S. Mary P. 2004. Death and dying at the zoo. Journal of Popular Culture 37, no. 3: 379–384.Google Scholar

Benbow, S. Mary P., and Hallman, Bonnie C.. 2008. Reading the zoo map: Cultural heritage insights from popular cartography. International Journal of Heritage Studies 14, no. 1: 30–42.Google Scholar

Berger, John. 1980. Why look at animals? About looking. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar

Berkovits, Annette Libeskind. 2017. Confessions of an accidental zoo curator. Curator: The Museum Journal 60, no. 3: 267–271.Google Scholar

Birney, Barbara A. 1988. Criteria for successful museum and zoo visits: Children offer guidance. Curator 31, no. 4: 292–316.Google Scholar

Bishop, Patrick. 2004. Haven for zoo animals provides an escape from mayhem of city. Telegraph, March 20.Google Scholar

Bloodhart, Brittany, Swim, Janet K., and Zawadzki, Matthew J.. 2013. Spreading the eco-message: Using proactive coping to aid eco-rep behavior change programming. Sustainability: Special Issue on Psychological and Behavioral Aspects of Sustainability 5: 1661–1679.Google Scholar

Bodamer, M. D., and Sankovic, J. M.. 2000. “We’re all cousins!” A sampling of public comments at a zoo, reflecting people’s sibling relationship with chimpanzees. Zoo Biology 18, no. 5: 443–448.Google Scholar

Boltanski, Luc, and Chiapello, Eve. 2006. The new spirit of capitalism. New York: Verso.Google Scholar

Bott, Suzanne, Cantrill, James G., and Myers, Olin Eugene Jr. 2003. Place and the promise of conservation psychology. Human Ecology Review 10, no. 2: 100–112.Google Scholar

Bovens, Mark, Schillemans, Thomas, and Goodin, Robert E.. 2014. Public accountability. In Bovens, Mark, Schillemans, Thomas, and Goodin, Robert E., eds., The Oxford handbook of public accountability, 1–20. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Braverman, Irus. 2013. Zooland: The institution of captivity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Braverman, Irus. 2015. Wild life: The institution of nature. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Brewer, Marilynn B. 2001. The many faces of social identity: Implications for political psychology. Political Psychology 22, no. 1: 115–125.Google Scholar

Bruni, Coral M., Fraser, John, and Schultz, P. Wesley. 2008. The value of zoo experiences for connecting people with nature. Visitor Studies 11, no. 2: 139–150.Google Scholar

Burghardt, Gordon M. 1996. Environmental enrichment or controlled deprivation. In Burghardt, G. M., Bielitzki, J. T., Boyce, J. R., and Schaeffer, D. O., eds., The well-being of animals in zoo and aquarium sponsored research, 91–101. Greenbelt, MD: Scientists Center for Animal Welfare.Google Scholar

Burghardt, Gordon M. 2013. Environmental enrichment and cognitive complexity in reptiles and amphibians: Concepts, review, and implications for captive populations. Applied Animal Behavior Science 147: 286–298.Google Scholar

Calvillo, Dustin P., and Hawkins, Whitney C.. 2016. Animate objects are detected more frequently than inanimate objects in inattentional blindness tasks independently of threat. Journal of General Psychology 143, no. 2: 101–115.Google Scholar

Carbonell, Bettina Messias, ed. 2004. Museum studies. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar

Carr, David. 2011. Open conversations: Public learning in libraries and museums. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC.Google Scholar

Carter, Susanne. 2003. Educating our children together: A sourcebook for effective family-school-community partnerships. Eugene, OR: Consortium for Appropriate Dispute Resolution in Special Education.Google Scholar

Charmaz, Kathy. 2000. Grounded theory: Objectivist and constructivist methods. In Denzin, Norma K. and Lincoln, Yvonna S., eds., Handbook of qualitative research. London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar

Chase, Richard Allen. 1993. Alternative learning networks. Children’s Environments 10, no. 2: 136–163.Google Scholar

Clark, Fay E. 2013. Marine mammal cognition and captive care: A proposal for cognitive enrichment in zoos and aquariums. Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research 1: 1–6.Google Scholar

Clayton, Susan. 2003. Environmental identity: A conceptual and an operational definition. In Clayton, Susan and Opotow, Susan, eds., Identity and the natural environment: The psychological significance of nature. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Clayton, Susan, and Brook, Amara. 2005. Can psychology help save the world? A model for conservation psychology. Analysis of Social Issues and Public Policy 5: 87–102.Google Scholar

Clayton, Susan, and Myers, Gene. 2009. Conservation psychology: Understanding and promoting human care for nature. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar

Clayton, Susan, Luebke, Jerry, Saunders, Carol, Matiasek, Jennifer, and Grajal, Alejandro. 2014. Connecting to nature at the zoo: Implications for responding to climate change. Environmental Education Research 20, no. 4: 460–475.Google Scholar

Clayton, Susan, Fraser, John, and Burgess, Claire. 2011. The role of zoos in fostering environmental identity. Ecopsychology 3, no. 2: 87–96.Google Scholar

Clayton, Susan, Fraser, John, and Saunders, Carol. 2009. Zoo experiences: Conversations, connections, and concern for animals. Zoo Biology 28, no. 5: 377–397.Google Scholar

Clayton, Susan, and Nguyen, Khoa D. Le. 2018. People in the zoo: A social context for conservation. In Minteer, Ben A., Maienschein, Jane, and Collins, James P., eds., The ark and beyond: The evolution of zoo and aquarium conservation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Clayton, Susan, and Opotow, Susan, eds. 2003. Identity and the natural environment: The psychological significance of nature. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Coe, Jon Charles. 1985. Design and perception: Making the zoo experience real. Zoo Biology 4, no. 2: 197–208.Google Scholar

Coe, Jon Charles. 1997. Entertaining zoo visitors and zoo animals: An integrated approach. Paper prepared for the 1997 AZA Annual Conference.Google Scholar

Conway, William. 1968. How to exhibit a bullfrog: A bed‐time story for zoo men. Curator: The Museum Journal 11, no. 4: 310–318.Google Scholar

Conway, William. 1994. Preface. In Koebner, Linda, ed., Zoo book: The evolution of wildlife conservation centers, 13–15. New York: Tom Doherty Associates Inc.Google Scholar

Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. 1990. Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar

Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. 1997. Finding flow: The psychology of engagement with everyday life. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.Google Scholar

Dahlburg, John-Thor. 1996. Afghan capital’s beleaguered zoo is a microcosm of nation. Los Angeles Times, October 11, p. A2.Google Scholar

Daly, Beth, and Suggs, Suzanne. 2010. Teachers’ experiences with humane education and animals in the elementary classroom: Implications for empathy development. Journal of Moral Education 39, no. 1: 101–112.Google Scholar

Dana, John Cotton, 1999. The new museum: Selected writings. Newark, NJ: Newark Museum Association.Google Scholar

Darier, Éric, ed. 1999. Discourses of the environment. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.Google Scholar

Davey, Gareth. 2005. Is zoo-going a human instinct? Biophilia and zoos. International Zoo News 52, no. 8: 452–459.Google Scholar

Davey, Gareth. 2006. Visitor behavior in zoos: A review. Anthrozoös 19, no. 2: 143–157.Google Scholar

Denning, Kathryn. 2008. Regarding the zoo: On the deployment of a metaphor. International Journal of Heritage Studies 14, no. 1: 60–73.Google Scholar

DeVault, Marjorie L. 2000. Producing family time: Practices of leisure activity beyond the home. Qualitative Sociology 23, no. 4: 485–503.Google Scholar

Dewey, John, 1938/1963. Experience and education. London: Collier-MacMillan.Google Scholar

Dhont,  Kristof, Hodson, Gordon, Leite, Ana C., and Salmen, Alina. 2019. The psychology of speciesism. In Dhont, Kristof and Hodson, Gordon, eds., Why we love and exploit animals: Bridging insights from academia and advocacy. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar

Diamond, Jared. 2014. The third chimpanzee for young people: On the evolution and future of the human animal. New York: Seven Stories Press.Google Scholar

Dierking, Lynn D. 2005. Lessons without limit: How free-choice learning is transforming science and technology education. Historia, Ciencias, Saude – Manguinhos 12 (supplement): 145–160.Google Scholar

Dierking, Lynn D., Burtnyk, Kim, Buchner, Kirsten S., and Falk, John H.. 2002. Visitor learning in zoos and aquariums: A literature review. Silver Spring, MD: Association of Zoos and Aquariums.Google Scholar

Dietz, Thomas, and Stern, Paul C.. 1995. Toward an individual model of choice: Socially embedded preference construction. Journal of Socio-Economics 24, no. 2: 261–279.Google Scholar

Dixon, John, and Durrheim, Kevin. 2000. Displacing place-identity: A discursive approach to locating self and other. British Journal of Social Psychology/British Psychological Society 39 (part 1): 27–44.Google Scholar

Dohn, Niels Bonderup. 2013. Upper secondary students’ situational interest: A case study of the role of a zoo visit in a biology class. International Journal of Science Education 35, no. 16: 2732–2751.Google Scholar

Dryzek, John S. 1997. The politics of the earth: Environmental discourses. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Eagly, Alice, and Chaiken, Shelly. 1993. The psychology of attitudes. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.Google Scholar

Egan, Kieran. 1997. The educated mind: How cognitive tools shape our understanding. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Ehrenfeld, David. 1995. Foreword. In Norton, Bryan G., Hutchins, Michael, Stevens, Elizabeth F., and Maple, Terry L., eds., Ethics on the ark: Zoos, animal welfare, and wildlife conservation, xvii–xix. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar

Falk, John H. 2005. Free-choice environmental learning: Framing the discussion. Environmental Education Research 11: 265–280.Google Scholar

Falk, John H., Heimlich, Joe E., and Bronnenkant, Kerry. 2008. Using identity-related visit motivations as a tool for understanding adult zoo and aquarium visitors’ meaning-making. Curator: The Museum Journal 51, no. 1: 55–79.Google Scholar

Falk, John H., Heimlich, Joe E., and Foutz, Susan, eds. 2009. Free-choice learning and the environment. Lantham, MD: AltaMira Press.Google Scholar

Falk, John H., and Dierking, Lynn D.. 1992. The museum experience. Washington, DC: Whalesback Books.Google Scholar

Falk, John H., and Dierking, Lynn D.. 2000. Learning from museums: Visitor experiences and the making of meaning. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.Google Scholar

Falk, John H., Reinhard, Eric M., Vernon, Cynthia L., Bronnenkant, Kerry, Heimlich, Joe E., and Deans, Nora L.. 2007. Why zoos & aquariums matter: Assessing the impact of a visit to a zoo or aquarium. Silver Spring, MD: Association of Zoos and Aquariums.Google Scholar

Fine, Gary Alan, and Harrington, Brooke. 2004. Tiny publics: Small groups and civil society. Sociological Theory 22, no. 3: 341–356.Google Scholar

Fine, Gary Alan, and Corte, Ugo. 2017. Group pleasures: Collaborative commitments, shared narrative, and the sociology of fun. Sociological Theory 35, no. 1: 64–86.Google Scholar

Fischhoff, Baruch. 2007. Non-persuasive communication about matters of the greatest urgency: Climate change. Environmental Science and Technology 41: 7204–7208.Google Scholar

Fraser, John. 2004. Museums and civility. Curator: The Museum Journal 47, no. 3: 252–255.Google Scholar

Fraser, John. 2006. Group identity, protest and evolution exhibits in America. Museums and Social Issues 1, no. 1: 85–100.Google Scholar

Fraser, John. 2009a. The anticipated utility of zoos for developing moral concern in children. Curator: The Museum Journal 52, no. 4: 349–361.Google Scholar

Fraser, John. 2009b. An examination of environmental collective identity development across three life-stages: The contribution of social public experiences at zoos. Ph.D. diss., Antioch University New England.Google Scholar

Fraser, John. 2017. Thinking about museum type. Curator: The Museum Journal 60, no. 3: 263–265.Google Scholar

Fraser, John, and Brandt, Carol. 2013. The emotional life of the environmental educator. In Krasney, Marianne and Dillon, Justin, eds., Trading zones: Creating trans-disciplinary dialogue in environmental education, 133–158. Oxford: Peter Lang Ltd.Google Scholar

Fraser, John, and Wharton, Dan. 2007. The future of zoos: A new model for cultural institutions. Curator: The Museum Journal 50, no. 1: 41–54.Google Scholar

Fraser, John, Wilkie, David, Wallace, Robert, Coppolillo, Peter, Roan Balas McNab, Lilian E. Painter, Zahler, Peter, and Buechsel, Isabel. 2009. The emergence of conservation NGOs as catalysts for local democracy. In Manfredo, Michael J. et al., eds., Wildlife and society: The science of human dimensions, 44–56. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar

Fraser, John, Lerner, Heather, Voiklis, John, and Saunders, Carol D.. 2020 (forthcoming). Alignment between zoo and aquarium missions and visitor values. In Fraser, John, Heimlich, Joe E., and Riedinger, Kelly, eds., Understanding zoos and aquariums in the public mind. New York: Springer Nature.Google Scholar

Fraser, John, and Sickler, Jessica. 2008a. Conservation psychology: Who cares about the biodiversity crisis? In Fearn, Eva, ed., State of the wild 2008–2009: A global portrait of wildlife, wildlands, and oceans, 206–212. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar

Fraser, John, and Sickler, Jessica. 2008b. Why zoos and aquariums matter: Handbook of research key findings and results from national audience survey. Bronx, NY: Wildlife Conservation Society.Google Scholar

Fraser, John, and Sickler, Jessica. 2009. Measuring the cultural impact of zoos and aquariums. International Zoo Yearbook 43, no. 1: 103–112.Google Scholar

Fraser, John, Heimlich, Joe E., and Yocco, Victor S.. 2010. Report number 20100226: American beliefs associated with increasing children’s opportunities for experiences in nature. Edgewater, MD: Institute for Learning Innovation.Google Scholar

Fraser, John, Gruber, Sarah, and Condon, Kathleen. 2008. Exposing the tourist value proposition of zoos and aquaria. Tourism Review International 11.Google Scholar

Fraser, John, Clayton, Susan, Sickler, Jessica, and Taylor, Anthony. 2009. Belonging at the zoo: Retired volunteers, conservation activism, and collective identity. Ageing and Society 29, no. 3: 351–368.Google Scholar

Fraser, John, Pantesco, Victor, Plemons, Karen, Gupta, Rupanwita, and Rank, Shelley J.. 2013. Sustaining the conservationist. Ecopsychology 5, no. 2: 70–79.Google Scholar

Friedman, A. J. 2008. Framework for evaluating impacts of informal science education projects: Report from a National Science Foundation workshop. Arlington, VA: The National Science Foundation.Google Scholar

Gates, Christopher T. 2003. The civic landscape. National Civic Review 92, no. 1: 67–72.Google Scholar

George, Kelly A., Slagle, Kristina M., Wilson, Robyn S., Moeller, Steven J., and Bruskotter, Jeremy T.. 2016. Changes in attitudes toward animals in the United States from 1978 to 2014. Biological Conservation 201: 237–242.Google Scholar

Gibson, Donald. 2014. Ecology, ideology and power. San Diego, CA: Progressive Press.Google Scholar

Goulart, Vinicius, de Azevedo, Pedro Guimaraes, van de Schepop, Joanna, Teixeira, Camila, Barçante, Luciana, de Azevedo, Cristiano Schetini, and Young, Robert John. 2009. Gaps in the study of zoo and wild animal welfare. Zoo Biology 28: 561–573.Google Scholar

Grajal, Alejandro, Luebke, Jerry F., Kelly, Lisa‐Anne DeGregoria, Matiasek, Jennifer, Clayton, Susan, Karazsia, Bryan T., Saunders, Carol D., Goldman, Susan R., Mann, Michael E., and Stanoss, Ricardo. 2017. The complex relationship between personal sense of connection to animals and self‐reported proenvironmental behaviors by zoo visitors. Conservation Biology 31, no. 2: 322–330.Google Scholar

Grammar, Karl, Fink, Berhnard, and Neave, Nick. 2005. Human pheromones and sexual attraction. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 118, no. 2: 135–142.Google Scholar

Grandin, Temple. 1980. Observations of cattle behavior applied to the design of cattle-handling facilities. Applied Animal Ethology 6, no. 1: 19–31.Google Scholar

Grazian, David. 2015. American zoos: A sociological safari. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Gupta, Rupanwita, Voiklis, John, Rank, Shelley J., de la Torre Dwyer, Joseph, Fraser, John, Flinner, Kate, and Nock, Kathryn. 2020. Public perceptions of the STEM learning ecology – perspectives from a national sample in the US. International Journal of Science Education: https://doi.org/10.1080/21548455.2020.1719291.Google Scholar

Gwynne, J. A. 2007. Inspiration for conservation: Moving audiences to care. In Zimmermann, et al. eds., Zoos in the 21st century: Catalysts for conservation? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Halliday, M. A. K. 1993. Towards a language-based theory of learning. Linguistics and Education 5: 93–116.Google Scholar

Hamilton, Erin Miller, Guckian, Meaghan L., and Young, Raymond De. 2018. Living well and living green: Participant conceptualizations of green citizenship. In Filho, Walter Leal, Marans, Robert W., and Callewaert, John, eds., Handbook of sustainability and social science research, 315–334. New York: Springer International Publishing.Google Scholar

Hancocks, David. 1995. An introduction to reintroduction. In Norton, Bryan G., Hutchins, Michael, Stevens, Elizabeth F., and Maple, Terry L., eds., Ethics on the ark: Zoos, animal welfare, and wildlife conservation, 181–183. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar

Hancocks, David. 2003. A different nature: The paradoxical world of zoos and their uncertain future. Berkley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Hanson, Elizabeth. 2002. Animal attractions: Nature on display in American zoos. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Hayward, Jeff, and Rothenberg, Marilyn. 2010. Measuring success in the Congo gorilla forest conservation exhibit. Curator: The Museum Journal 47, no. 3: 261–282.Google Scholar

Heath, Shirley Brice. 1983. Ways with words: Language, life and work in communities and classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Heimlich, Joe E., and Falk, John H.. 2009. Free-choice learning and the environment. In Falk, John H., Heimlich, Joe E., and Foutz, Susan, eds., Free-choice learning and the environment, 11–21. Lantham, MD: AltaMira Press.Google Scholar

Hein, George E. 1998. The constructivist museum. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Hein, George E. 2004. John Dewey and museum education. Curator: The Museum Journal 47, no. 4: 413–427.Google Scholar

Heinrich, Carolyn, and Birney, Barbara A.. 1992. Effects of live animal demonstrations on zoo visitors’ retention of information. Anthrozoos 5, no. 2: 113–121.Google Scholar

Hemsworth, Paul H. 2003. Human–animal interactions in livestock production. Applied Animal Behavior Science 81, no. 3: 185–198.Google Scholar

Hemsworth, Paul H., and Coleman, Grahame J.. 2010. Human-livestock interactions: The stockperson and the productivity of intensively farmed animals, second ed. Wallingford: CABI.Google Scholar

Herziger, Atar, Berkessel, Jana, and Steinnes, Kamilla Knutsen. 2020. Wean off green: On the (in)effectiveness of biospheric appeals for consumption curtailment. Journal of Environmental Psychology.Google Scholar

Herzog, Hal. 2010. Some we love, some we hate, some we eat: Why it’s so hard to think straight about animals. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.Google Scholar

Herzog, Hal. 2011. The impact of pets on human health and psychological well-being: Fact, fiction, or hypothesis? Current Directions in Psychological Science 20, no. 4: 236–239.Google Scholar

Herzog, Harold A., and Golden, Lauren L.. 2009. Moral emotions and social activism: The case of animal rights. Journal of Social Issues 65, no. 3: 485–498.Google Scholar

Herzog, Harold A., and Galvin, Shelley. 1997. Common sense and the mental lives of animals: An empirical approach. In Mitchell, Robert W., Thompson, Nicholas S., and Miles, H. Lyn, eds., Anthropomorphism, anecdotes, and animals, 237–253. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar

Holland, Maximilian. 2004. Social bonding & nurture kinship: Compatibility between cultural and biological approaches. Ph.D. diss., London School of Economics and Political Science.Google Scholar

Holtorf, Cornelius. 2018. The zoo as a realm of memory. Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 22, no. 1: 98–114.Google Scholar

Horvath, Kelsey, Angeletti, Dario, Nascetti, Giuseppe, and Carere, Claudio. 2013. Invertebrate welfare: An overlooked issue. Ann Ist Super Sanità 49: 9–17.Google Scholar

Hosey, Geoff, and Melfi, Vicky. 2012. Human–animal bonds between zoo professionals and the animals in their care. Zoo Biology 31, no. 1: 13–26.Google Scholar

Hosey, Geoff, and Melfi, Vicky. 2015. Are we ignoring neutral and negative human–animal relationships in zoos? Zoo Biology 34, no. 1: 1–8.Google Scholar

Huizinga, Johan. 1938. Homo ludens: A study of the play-element in culture. Brooklyn, NY: Angelico Press.Google Scholar

Human, Katy. 2005. The Bible as museum guide. Denver Post, September 24.Google Scholar

Hume, David. 1739/1978. A treatise of human nature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 1971. IUCN yearbook: Annual report of the IUCN for the year. Morges: IUCN.Google Scholar

Jamieson, Dale. 2002. Morality's progress: Essays on humans, other animals, and the rest of nature. New York: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar

Jensen, Eric. 2014. Evaluating children's conservation biology learning at the zoo. Conservation Biology 28, no. 4: 1004–1011.Google Scholar

Jensen, Eric, Moss, Andrew, and Gusset, Markus. 2017. Quantifying long‐term impact of zoo and aquarium visits on biodiversity‐related learning outcomes. Zoo Biology 36, no. 4: 294–297.Google Scholar

Kahn, Peter H. Jr. 1999. The human relationship with nature. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Kahn, Peter H. Jr. 2009. Please don’t visit zoos! Zoos reify the human drive to dominate the Other. Psychology Today. www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/human-nature/200910/please-dont-visit-zoos.Google Scholar

Kahn, Peter H. Jr., Saunders, Carol, Severson, Rachel L., Myers, Olin Eugene Jr., and Gill, Brian T.. 2008. Moral and fearful affiliations with the animal world: Children’s conceptions of bats. Anthrozoos 21: 375–386.Google Scholar

Kahn, Peter H. Jr., and Kellert, Stephen R., eds. 2002. Children and nature: Psychological, sociocultural, and evolutionary investigations. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Kaiser, Florian G., and Schultz, P. Wesley. 2009. The attitude-behavior relationship: A test of three models of the moderating role of behavioral difficulty. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 39, no. 1: 186–207.Google Scholar

Kalof, Linda. 2000. The multi-layered discourses of animal concern. In Addams, Helen and Proops, John L. R., eds., Social discourse and environmental policy, 174–195. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishers.Google Scholar

Kals, Elisabeth. 1996. Are proenvironmental commitments moderated by health concerns or perceived justice? In Mondata, Leo and Lerner, Melvin J., eds., Current societal concerns about justice, 231–258. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

Karp, Ivan, Kreamer, Christine Mullen, and Levine, Steven, eds. 1992. Museums and communities: The politics of public culture. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books.Google Scholar

Keitsch, Martina. 2018. Structuring ethical interpretations of the sustainable development goals: Concepts, implications and progress. Sustainability 10, no. 3: 829.Google Scholar

Kellert, Stephen R. 1980. American attitude toward and knowledge of animals: An update. International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems 1: 87–119.Google Scholar

Kellert, Stephen R. 1997. The value of life: Biological diversity and human society. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar

Kellert, Stephen R. 2012. Birthright: People and nature in the modern world. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Kendall, Julie E., and Kendall, Kenneth E.. 1993. Metaphors and methodologies: Living beyond the systems machine. MIS Quarterly 17, no. 2: 149–171.Google Scholar

Keynes, John Maynard. 1936. The general theory of employment, interest and money. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Kidd, Aline H., and Kidd, Robert M.. 1996. Developmental factors leading to positive attitudes toward wildlife and conservation. Applied Animal Behavior Science 47, no. 1–2: 119–125.Google Scholar

Kinsley, David. 1995. Ecology and religion: Ecological spirituality in cross-cultural perspective. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar

Kisiel, James, Rowe, Shawn, Vartabedian, Melanie Ani, and Kopczak, Charles. 2012. Evidence for family engagement in scientific reasoning at interactive animal exhibits. Science Education 96: 1047–1070.Google Scholar

Kisling, Vernon N., ed. 2000. Zoo and aquarium history: Ancient animal collections to zoological gardens. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar

Klenosky, David B. and Saunders, Carol D.. 2008. Put me in the zoo! A laddering study of zoo visitor motives. Tourism Review International 11, no. 3: 317–327.Google Scholar

Korn, Randi. 2004. Self-portrait: First know thyself, then serve your public. Museum News, 33–52.Google Scholar

Kreger, Michael D., Hutchins, Michael, and Fascione, Nina. Context, ethics, and environmental enrichment in zoos and aquariums. In Shepherdson, David J., Mellen, Jill D., and Hutchins, Michael, eds., Second nature: Environmental enrichment for captive animals, 59–82. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar

Kyle, Gerard, Graefe, Alan, and Manning, Robert. 2005. Testing the dimensionality of place attachment in recreational settings. Environment and Behavior 37, no. 2: 153–177.Google Scholar

Lee, Keekok. 2005. Zoos: A philosophical tour. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Leinhardt, Gaea, and Knutson, Karen. 2004. Listening in on museum conversations. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.Google Scholar

Leopold, Aldo. 1970. A Sand County almanac. New York: Ballantine Books.Google Scholar

Levine, Peter. 2007. The future of democracy: Developing the next generation of American citizens. Medford, MA: Tufts University Press.Google Scholar

Lipsky, Laura van Dernoot. 2009. Trauma stewardship: An everyday guide to caring for self while caring for others. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Heohler.Google Scholar

LoBue, Vanessa, Pickard, Megan Bloom, Sherman, Kathleen, Axford, Chrystal, and DeLoache, Judy. 2013. Young children's interest in live animals. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 31, no. 1: 57–69.Google Scholar

Longhurst, Brian, Bagnall, Gaynor, and Savage, Mike. 2004. Audiences, museums and the English middle class. Museum and Society 2, no. 2: 104–124.Google Scholar

Lovelock, James E. 1987. Gaia: A new look at life on earth. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Lovelock, James E., and Margulis, Lynn. 1974. Atmospheric homeostasis by and for the biosphere: The Gaia hypothesis. Tellus 26, no. 1–2: 2–10.Google Scholar

Luebke, Jerry F. Zoo exhibit experiences and visitors’ affective reactions: A preliminary study. 2018. Curator: The Museum Journal 61, no. 2: 345–352.Google Scholar

Luebke, Jerry F., Watters, Jason V., Packer, Jan, Miller, Lance J., and Powell, David M.. 2016. Zoo visitors’ affective responses to observing animal behaviors. Visitor Studies 19, no. 1: 60–76.Google Scholar

Luebke, Jerry F., and Matiasek, Jennifer. 2013. An exploratory study of zoo visitors’ exhibit experiences and reactions. Zoo Biology 32, no. 4: 407–416.Google Scholar

Lukas, Kristen E., and Ross, Stephen R.. 2005. Zoo visitor knowledge and attitudes toward gorillas and chimpanzees. Journal of Environmental Education 36, no. 4: 33–48.Google Scholar

Lyng, Stephen. 2004. Edgework: The sociology of risk-taking. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

MacDonald, Edith. 2015. Quantifying the impact of Wellington Zoo’s persuasive communication campaign on post-visit behavior. Zoo Biology 34, no. 2: 163–169.Google Scholar

MacDonald, Edith, Milfont, Taciano, and Gavin, Michael. 2016. Applying the elaboration likelihood model to increase recall of conservation messages and elaboration by zoo visitors. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 24, no. 6: 866–881.Google Scholar

Mace, Georgina, Balmford, Andrew, Leader-Williams, Nigel, Manica, Andrea, Walter, Olivia, West, Chris, and Zimmerman, Alexandra. 2007. Measuring conservation success: Assessing zoos’ contributions. In Zimmermann, Alexandra, Hatchwell, Matthew, Dickie, Lesley, and West, Chris, eds., Zoos in the 21st century: Catalysts for conservation? 322–342. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Malamud, Randy. 1998. Reading zoos: Representations of animals and captivity. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar

Malamud, Randy. 2003. Poetic animals and animal souls. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Manfredo, Michael J. 2008. Integrating concepts: Demonstration of a multilevel model for exploring the rise of mutualism value orientations in post-industrial society. In Manfedro, Michael J., ed., Who cares about wildlife? Social concepts for exploring human-wildlife relationships and conservation issues, 191–217. New York: Springer.Google Scholar

Manfredo, Michael J., Teel, Tara L., and Bright, Alan D.. 2003. Why are public values toward wildlife changing? Human Dimensions of Wildlife 8, no. 4: 287–306.Google Scholar

Manfredo, Michael J., Teel, Tara L., and Zinn, Harry. 2009. Understanding global values toward wildlife. In Manfredo, Michael J., Vaske, Jerry J., Brown, Perry J., Decker, Daniel J., and Duke, Esther A., eds., Wildlife and society: The science of human dimensions, 31–43. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar

Manfredo, Michael J., Teel, Tara L., and Henry, Kimberly L.. 2009. Linking society and environment: A multilevel model of shifting wildlife value orientations in the western U.S. Social Science Quarterly 90, no. 2: 407–427.Google Scholar

Mann‐Lang, Judy, Ballantyne, Roy, and Packer, Jan. 2016. Does more education mean less fun? A comparison of two animal presentations. International Zoo Yearbook 50, no. 1: 155–164.Google Scholar

Manzo, Lynne C. 2003. Beyond house and haven: Toward a revisioning of emotional relationships with places. Journal of Environmental Psychology 23: 47–61.Google Scholar

Maor, Moshe. 2016. Emotion-driven negative policy bubbles. Policy Sciences 49, no. 2: 191–210.Google Scholar

Maple, Terry, McManamon, Rita, and Stevens, Elizabeth. 1995. Defining the good zoo: Animal care, maintenance, and welfare. In Norton, Bryan G., Hutchins, Michael, Stevens, Elizabeth F., and Maple, Terry L., eds., Ethics on the ark: Zoos, animal welfare, and wildlife conservation, 219–234. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar

Markowitz, Hal. 1981. Behavioral enrichment in the zoo. New York: Van Nostrand Rheinhold.Google Scholar

Martínez-Macipe, M., Lafont-Lecuelle, Céline, Manteca, Xavier, Pageat, Patrick, and Cozzi, Alessandro. 2015. Evaluation of an innovative approach for sensory enrichment in zoos: Semiochemical stimulation for captive lions (Panthera leo). Animal Welfare 24, no. 4: 455–461.Google Scholar

Mascia, Michael B., Brosius, J. Peter, Dobson, Tracy A., Forbes, Bruce C., Horowitz, Leah, McKean, Margaret A., and Turner, Nancy J.. 2003. Editorial: Conservation and the social sciences. Conservation Biology 17: 649–650.Google Scholar

Mason, Peter. 2000. Zoo tourism: The need for more research. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 8, no. 4: 333–339.Google Scholar

Mather, Jennifer A. 2001. Animal suffering: An invertebrate perspective. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 4, no. 2: 151–156.Google Scholar

Matiasek, Jennifer, and Luebke, Jerry F.. 2014. Mission, messages, and measures: Engaging zoo educators in environmental education program evaluation. Studies in Educational Evaluation 41: 77–84.Google Scholar

McGrath, Joseph E., Arrow, Holly, and Berdahl, Jennifer L.. 2000. The study of groups: Past, present, and future. Personality and Social Psychology Review 4, no. 1: 95–105.Google Scholar

Mead, George Herbert. 1934. Mind, self, and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Melfi, Vicky. 2009. There are big gaps in our knowledge, and thus approach, to zoo animal welfare: A case for evidence-based zoo animal management. Zoo Biology 28: 574–588.Google Scholar

Melson, Gail F. 2001. Why the wild things are: Animals in the lives of children. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Meyers, Ronald B. 2002. A heuristic for environmental values and ethics, and a psychometric instrument to measure adult environmental ethics and willingness to protect the environment. Ph.D. diss., The Ohio State University.Google Scholar

Morgan, Mark, and Hodgkinson, Marlana. 1999. The motivation and social orientation of visitors attending a contemporary zoological park. Environment and Behavior 31, no. 2: 227–239.Google Scholar

Morgan, Kathleen N., Line, Scott W., and Markowitz, Hal, 1998. Zoos, enrichment, and the skeptical observer: The practical value of assessment. In Shepherdson, David J., Mellen, Jill D., and Hutchins, Michael, eds., Second nature: Environmental enrichment for captive animals, 153–171. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar

Morris, Desmond. 1969/1994. The human zoo: A zoologist’s study of the urban animal. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar

Moss, Andrew, Jensen, Eric, and Gusset, Markus. 2015. Evaluating the contribution of zoos and aquariums to Aichi Biodiversity Target 1. Conservation Biology 29, no. 2: 537–544.Google Scholar

Mullan, Bob, and Marvin, Garry. 1987. Zoo culture. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.Google Scholar

Musschenga, Albert W. 2002. Naturalness: Beyond animal welfare. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 15, no. 2: 171–186.Google Scholar

Myers, Olin Eugene Jr.. 2007. The significance of children and animals: Social development and our connections to other species, second ed. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press.Google Scholar

Myers, Olin Eugene Jr., and Saunders, Carol D.. 2002. Animals as links toward developing caring relationships with the natural world. In Kahn, Peter H. Jr. and Kellert, Stephen R., eds., Children and nature: Psychological, sociocultural, and evolutionary investigations, 153–178. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Myers, Olin Eugene Jr., Saunders, Carol D., and Birjulin, Andrej A.. 2004. Emotional dimensions of watching zoo animals: An experience sampling study building on insights from psychology. Curator: The Museum Journal 47, no. 3: 299–321.Google Scholar

Nash, Roderick. 1982. Wilderness and the American mind, third ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Netzley, Patricia D. 1999. Environmental Literature: An Encyclopedia of Works, Authors, and Themes. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLCGoogle Scholar

Norgaard, Kari Marie. 2011. Living in denial: Climate change, emotions, and everyday life. Boston: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Norton, Bryan G., Hutchins, Michael, Stevens, Elizabeth F., and Maple, Terry L., eds. 1995. Ethics on the ark: Zoos, animal welfare and wildlife conservation. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar

Onyx, Jenny, and Bullen, Paul. 2000. Measuring social capital in five communities. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 36, no. 1: 23–42.Google Scholar

Opotow, Susan. 2011a. Moral exclusion. In Christie, Daniel J., ed., Encyclopedia of peace psychology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.Google Scholar

Opotow, Susan. 2011b. Social injustice. In Christie, Daniel J., ed., Encyclopedia of peace psychology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.Google Scholar

Oreg, Shaul, and Katz-Gerro, Tally. 2006. Predicting proenvironmental behavior cross-nationally: Values, the theory of planned behavior, and value-belief-norm theory. Environment and Behavior 38, no. 4: 462–483.Google Scholar

Osborn, Fairfield Jr., ed. 1944. The Pacific world. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar

Osborn, Fairfield Jr.. 1948. Our plundered planet. London: Faber and Faber.Google Scholar

Osborn, Fairfield Jr.. 1953. The limits of the earth. London: Faber and Faber.Google Scholar

Osborn, Fairfield Jr., ed. 1962. Our crowded planet: Essays on the pressures of population. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc.Google Scholar

Packer, Jan. 2006. Learning for fun: The unique contribution of educational leisure experiences. Curator: The Museum Journal 49, no. 3: 329–344.Google Scholar

Packer, Jan, and Ballantyne, Roy. 2004. Is educational leisure a contradiction in terms? Exploring the synergy of education and entertainment. Annals of Leisure Research 7, no. 1: 54–71.Google Scholar

Packer, Jan, and Ballantyne, Roy. 2010. The role of zoos and aquariums in education for a sustainable future. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, no. 127: 25–34.Google Scholar

Packer, Jan, and Ballantyne, Roy. 2012. Comparing captive and non-captive wildlife tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 39, no. 2: 1242–1245.Google Scholar

Packer, Martin, Haan, Norma, Theodorou, Paola, and Yabrove, Gary. 1985. Moral action of four-year-olds. In Haan, Norma, Aerts, Eliane, and Cooper, Bruce A. B., eds., On moral grounds: The search for practical morality, 276–305. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar

Panksepp, Jaak. 2011. Cross-species affective neuroscience decoding of the primal affective experiences of humans and related animals. PLoS ONE 6, no. 8: e21236.Google Scholar

Pearson, Elissa L., Lowry, Rachel, Dorrian, Jillian, and Litchfield, Carla A.. 2014. Evaluating the conservation impact of an innovative zoo‐based educational campaign: “Don’t palm us off” for orang‐utan conservation. Zoo Biology 33, no. 3: 184–196.Google Scholar

Pekarik, Andrew J. 2004. Eye-to-eye with animals and ourselves. Curator: The Museum Journal 47, no. 3: 257–260.Google Scholar

Pekarik, Andrew J., Doering, Zahava D., and Karns, David A.. 1999. Exploring satisfying experiences in museums. Curator: The Museum Journal 42, no. 2: 117–129.Google Scholar

Persson, Tomas, Sauciuc, Gabriela-Alina, and Madsen, Elainie Alenkær. 2018. Spontaneous cross-species imitation in interactions between chimpanzees and zoo visitors. Primates 59, no. 1: 19–29.Google Scholar

Podilchak, Walter. 1991. Distinctions of fun, enjoyment and leisure. Leisure Studies 10, no. 2: 133–148.Google Scholar

Polakowski, Kenneth J. 1987. Zoo design: The reality of wild illusions. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan School of Natural Resources.Google Scholar

Polakowski, Kenneth J. 1989. A design approach to zoological exhibits: The zoo as theater. Zoo Biology 8, no. S1: 127–139.Google Scholar

Powell, Robert, and Ham, Sam H.. 2008. Can ecotourism interpretation really lead to pro-conservation knowledge, attitudes and behavior? Evidence from the Galapagos islands. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 16: 467–489.Google Scholar

Preston, Jane, ed. 2013. The language of conservation: Poetry in library and zoo collaborations. New York: Poets House.Google Scholar

Proshansky, Harold M. 1978. The city and self-identity. Environment and Behavior 10, no. 2: 147–169.Google Scholar

Proshansky, Harold M., Fabian, Abbe K., and Kaminoff, Robert. 1983. Place identity. Journal of Environmental Psychology 3: 57–83.Google Scholar

Rabb, George B. 2004. The evolution of zoos from menageries to centers of conservation and caring. Curator: The Museum Journal 47, no. 3: 237–246.Google Scholar

Rabb, George B., and Saunders, Carol D.. 2006. The future of zoos and aquariums: Conservation and caring. International Zoo Yearbook 39, no. 1: 1–26.Google Scholar

Rank, Shelley J., Voiklis, John, Gupta, Rupanwita, Fraser, John, and Flinner, Kate. 2018. Understanding organizational trust of zoos and aquariums. In Hunt, Kathleen P., ed., Understanding the role of trust and credibility in science communication: https://doi.org/10.31274/sciencecommunication-181114-16.Google Scholar

Ranson, Stewart. 2003. Public accountability in the age of neo‐liberal governance. Journal of Education Policy 18, no. 5: 459–480.Google Scholar

Rasmussen, L. E. L., Lee, Terry D., Zhang, Aijun, Roelofs, Wendell L., and Daves, G. Doyle. 1997. Purification, identification, concentration and bioactivity of (Z)-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate: Sex pheromone of the female Asian elephant, Elephas maximus. Chemical Senses 22, no. 4: 417–437.Google Scholar

Reade, Louise S., and Waran, Natalie K.. 1996. The modern zoo: How do people perceive zoo animals? Applied Animal Behaviour Science 47: 109–118.Google Scholar

Regan, Tom. 1983. The case for animal rights. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Robison, Lindon J., Schmid, A. Allan, and Siles, Marcelo E.. 2002. Is social capital really capital? Review of Social Economy 60, no. 1: 1–21.Google Scholar

Roggenbuck, Joseph W., and Driver, B. L.. 2000. Benefits of nonfacilitated uses of wilderness. In McCool, Stephen F., Cole, David N., Borrie, William T., and O’Loughlin, Jennifer, eds., Wilderness science in a time of change conference volume 3: Wilderness as a place for scientific inquiry, 33–49. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.Google Scholar

Röska-Hardy, Louise S., and Neumann-Held, Eva M., eds. 2009. Learning from animals? Examining the nature of human uniqueness. New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar

Røskaft, Eivin, Bjerke, Tore, Kaltenborn, Bjørn, Linnell, John D. C., and Andersen, Reidar. 2003. Patterns of self-reported fear towards large carnivores among the Norwegian public. Evolution and Human Behavior 24, no. 3: 184–198.Google Scholar

Roszak, Theodore, Gomes, Mary E., and Kanner, Allen D., eds. 1995. Ecopsychology: Restoring the earth, healing the mind. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books.Google Scholar

Rothfels, Nigel. 2002. Savages and beasts: The birth of the modern zoo. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar

Rounds, Jay. 2006. Doing identity work in museums. Curator: The Museum Journal 49, no. 2: 133–150.Google Scholar

Rowlands, Mark. 2002. Animals like us. London: Verso.Google Scholar

Rudolph, John L., and Horibe, Shusaku. 2015. What do we mean by science education for civic engagement? Journal of Research in Science Teaching 53, no. 6: 805–820.Google Scholar

Ryan, Chris, and Saward, Jan. 2004. The zoo as ecotourism attraction-visitor reactions, perceptions and management implications: The case of Hamilton Zoo, New Zealand. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 12, no. 3: 245–266.Google Scholar

Saunders, Carol D. 2003. The emerging field of conservation psychology. Human Ecology Review 10, no. 2: 137–149.Google Scholar

Saunders, Carol D. 2008. Double-edged swords? Collective identity and solidarity in the environment movement. British Journal of Sociology 59, no. 2: 227–253.Google Scholar

Saunders, Carol D., Fraser, John, and Meyers, Ronald. 2005, October. Applying a psychometric instrument to explore the range of environmental ethical beliefs held by zoo visitors. Paper presented at the Annual Society for Human Ecology Conference, Salt Lake City, UT.Google Scholar

Saunders, Carol D., and Myers, Olin Eugene Jr. 2003. Exploring the potential of conservation psychology. Human Ecology Review 10, no. 2: 1–3.Google Scholar

Schultz, P. Wesley. 2000. Empathizing with nature: The effects of perspective taking on concern for environmental issues. Journal of Social Issues 56, no. 3: 391–406.Google Scholar

Schultz, P. Wesley. 2002. Inclusion with nature: Understanding the psychology of human-nature interactions. In Schmuck, Peter and Schultz, P. Wesley, eds., The psychology of sustainable development, 61–78. New York: Kluwer.Google Scholar

Schultz, P. Wesley, Nolan, Jessica M., Cialdini, Robert B., Goldstein, Noah J., and Griskevicius, Vladas. 2007. The constructive, destructive, and reconstructive power of social norms. Psychological Science 18: 429–434.Google Scholar

Schultz, P. Wesley, and Tabanico, Jennifer. 2007. Self, identity, and the natural environment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 37, no. 6: 1219–1247.Google Scholar

Schultz, P. Wesley, and Zelezny, Lynnette. 1999. Values as predictors of environmental attitudes, evidence for consistency across 14 countries. Journal of Environmental Psychology 19, no. 1: 255–265.Google Scholar

Schwartz-DuPre, Rae Lynn, and Parmett, Helen Morgan. 2017. Curious about George: Postcolonial science and technology studies, STEM education policy, and colonial iconicity. Textual Practice 32, no. 4: 707–725.Google Scholar

Seligman, Martin E. P. 2002. Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar

Shackley, Myra. 1996. Wildlife tourism. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Shepherdson, David J., Mellen, Jill D., and Hutchins, Michael, eds. 1998. Second nature: Environmental enrichment for captive animals. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.Google Scholar

Shepherdson, David, Lewis, Karen D., Carlstead, Kathy, Bauman, Joan, and Perrin, Nancy. 2013. Individual and environmental factors associated with stereotypic behavior and fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in zoo housed polar bears. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 147: 268–277.Google Scholar

Shiota, Michelle N., Keltner, Dacher, and Mossman, Amanda. 2007. The nature of awe: Elicitors, appraisals, and effects on self-concept. Cognition and Emotion 21, no. 5: 944–963.Google Scholar

Sickler, Jessica, and Fraser, John. 2009. Enjoyment in zoos. Leisure Studies 28, no. 3: 313–331.Google Scholar

Sickler, Jessica, Fraser, John, Gruber, Sarah, Boyle, Paul, Webler, Tom, and Reiss, Diana. 2006. Thinking about dolphins thinking (WCS working paper no. 27). New York: Wildlife Conservation Society.Google Scholar

Singer, Peter. 1975. Animal liberation: The definitive classic of the animal movement. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.Google Scholar

Skibins, Jeffrey C., and Powell, Robert B.. 2013. Conservation caring: Measuring the influence of zoo visitors’ connection to wildlife on pro-conservation behaviors. Zoo Biology 32, no. 5: 528–540.Google Scholar

Sobel, David. 1996. Beyond ecophobia: Reclaiming the heart in nature education. Great Barrington, MA: The Orion Society and The Myrin Institute.Google Scholar

Soulé, Michael E. 1985. What is conservation biology? Bioscience 25: 727–734.Google Scholar

Soulé, Michael E. 1986. Conservation biology and the “real world.” In Soulé, Michael E., ed., Conservation biology: The science of scarcity and diversity, 1–12. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar

Soulé, Michael E. 1987. History of the society for conservation biology: How and why we got here. Conservation Biology 1, no. 1: 4–5.Google Scholar

Spitzer, William, and Fraser, John. 2020. Advancing community science literacy. Journal of Museum Education 45, no. 1: 5–15.Google Scholar

Spitzer, William, Fraser, John, Sweetland, Julie, and Voiklis, John. 2020. Applied social science to scale climate communications impact. In Henderson, Joseph and Drewes, Andrea, eds., Teaching climate change in the United States, 123–142. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Stein, Gertrude. 1993. Identity a poem. In Dydo, Ulla E., ed., A Stein reader. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.Google Scholar

Stern, Daniel N. 1985. The interpersonal world of the infant. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Stern, Paul C. 2000. Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of Social Issues 56, no. 3: 407–424.Google Scholar

Stern, Paul C., and Dietz, Thomas. 1994. The value basis of environmental concern. Journal of Social Issues 50: 65–84.Google Scholar

Stern, Paul C., Dietz, Thomas, Abel, Troy, Guagnano, Gregory A., and Kalof, Linda. 1999. A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements: The case of environmentalism. Human Ecology Review 6, no. 2: 81–97.Google Scholar

Strauss, Anselm, and Corbin, Juliet. 1998. Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory, second ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar

Stryker, Sheldon, and Serpe, Richard T.. 1994. Identity salience and psychological centrality: Equivalent, overlapping, or complementary concepts? Social Psychology Quarterly 57, no. 1: 16–35.Google Scholar

Sutherland, Anne, and Nash, Jeffrey E.. 1994. Animal rights as a new environmental cosmology. Qualitative Sociology 17, no. 2: 171–186.Google Scholar

Swanagan, Jeffrey S. 2000. Factors influencing zoo visitors’ conservation attitudes and behavior. Journal of Environmental Education 31, no. 4: 26–31.Google Scholar

Swim, Janet K., and Bloodhart, Brittany. 2013. Admonishment and praise: Interpersonal mechanisms for promoting pro-environmental behavior. Ecopsychology: Special Section on Confronting Unsustainable Behaviors 5: 23–35.Google Scholar

Swim, Janet K., and Fraser, John. 2013. Fostering hope in climate change educators. Journal of Museum Education 38, no. 3: 286–297.Google Scholar

Swim, Janet K., and Fraser, John. 2014. Zoo and aquarium professionals’ concerns and confidence about climate change education. Journal of Geoscience Education 62, no. 3: 495–501.Google Scholar

Swim, Janet K., Fraser, John, and Geiger, Nathaniel. 2014. Teaching the choir to sing: Use of social science information to promote public discourse on climate change. Journal of Land Use and Environmental Law 30, no. 1: 91–117.Google Scholar

Swim, Janet K., Geiger, Nathaniel, Fraser, John, and Pletcher, Nette. 2017. Climate change education at nature-based museums. Curator: The Museum Journal 60, no. 1: 101–119.Google Scholar

Tajfel, Henri. 1982. Social psychology of intergroups relations. Annual Review of Psychology 33: 1–39.Google Scholar

Tajfel, Henri, and Turner, John C.. 1986. The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In Jost, John T. and Sidanius, Jim, eds., Key readings in social psychology, 276–293. New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar

Tedlock, Dennis, and Mannheim, Bruce, eds. 1995. The dialogic emergence of culture. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar

Thomashow, Mitchell. 1995. Ecological identity: Becoming a reflective environmentalist. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Thomashow, Mitchell. 2002. Bringing the biosphere home, learning to perceive global environmental change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Tirindelli, Roberto, Dibattista, Michele, Pifferi, Simone, and Menini, Anna. 2009. From pheromones to behavior. Physiology Review 89, no. 3: 921–956.Google Scholar

Tofield, Sara, Coll, Richard K., Vyle, Brent, and Bolstad, Rachel. 2003. Zoos as a source of free choice learning. Research in Science & Technological Education 21, no. 1: 67–100.Google Scholar

Tomas, Stacy R., Crompton, John, and Scott, David. 2003. Assessing service quality and benefits sought among zoological park visitors. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 21, no. 52: 105–124.Google Scholar

Tunnicliffe, Susan Dale. 1995. Talking about animals: Studies of young children visiting zoos, a museum and a farm. Ph.D. diss., King’s College, University of London.Google Scholar

Turley, Sophie K. 2001. Children and the demand for recreational experiences: The case of zoos. Leisure Studies 20, no. 1: 1–18.Google Scholar

Vonnegut, Kurt. 2014. Welcome to the monkey house: The special edition. New York: Random House.Google Scholar

Vygotsky, Lev S. 1978. Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Waal, Frans B. M. 2019. Mama’s last hug: Animal emotions and what they tell us about ourselves. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar

Wagner, Frederic H, and Kenski, Henry C.. 1988. Predator control and the sheep industry: The role of science in policy formation. Claremont, CA: Regina Books.Google Scholar

Wagner, Kathy, Falk, John, Vernon, Cynthia, Ogden, Jackie, Routman, Emily, and Winsten, Keith. 2006. Why zoos and aquariums matter: Results from the multi-institutional research program. Silver Spring, MD: Association of Zoos and Aquariums.Google Scholar

Weber, Max. 1905/2003. The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. Trans. Parsons, Talcott. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications.Google Scholar

Wenger, Étienne. 1998. Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Wenger, Étienne, Trayner, Beverly, and Laat, Maarten De. 2011. Promoting and assessing value creation in communities and networks: A conceptual framework. Heerlen: Ruud de Moor Centrum.Google Scholar

Williams, Florence. 2017. Nature fix: Why nature makes us happier, healthier, and more creative. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar

Wilson, Alexander. 1992. The culture of nature: North American landscape from Disney to the Exxon Valdez. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Wilson, E. O. 1984. Biophilia: The human bond with other species. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Wilson, E. O., 1993. Biophilia and the conservation ethic. In Kellert, Stephen R. and Wilson, E. O., eds., The biophilia hypothesis, 31–41. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar

Wood, Nichola, and Waite, Louise. 2011. Editorial: Scales of belonging. Emotion, Space and Society 4, no. 4: 210–202.Google Scholar

Woods, Barbara. 2002. Good zoo/bad zoo: Visitor experiences in captive settings. Anthrozoös 15, no. 4: 343–360.Google Scholar

World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). 2005. The world zoo and aquarium conservation strategy: Building a future for wildlife. Bern: World Association of Zoos and Aquariums.Google Scholar

World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). 2006. Zoos and aquariums of the world. Bern: World Association of Zoos and Aquariums.Google Scholar

World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). 2015. Committing to conservation: The world zoo and aquarium conservation strategy. Gland: World Association of Zoos and Aquariums.Google Scholar

Yerke, R. and Burns, A.. 1991. Measuring the impact of animal shows on visitor attitudes. American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums 1991 Annual Conference Proceedings, 532–539. San Diego, CA: American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums.Google Scholar

Yero, Judith Lloyd. 2002. Metaphors in education. Retrieved from https://meandjulio.blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Metaphors.pdf.Google Scholar

Zavetoski, Stephen. 2003. Constructing and maintaining ecological identities: The strategies of deep ecologists. In Clayton, Susan and Opotow, Susan, eds., Identity and the natural environment: The psychological significance of nature, 297–315. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Zimmerman, Alexandra, Hatchwell, Matthew, Dickie, Lesley, and West, Chris, eds. 2007. Zoos in the 21st century: Catalysts for conservation? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar