Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T18:48:37.675Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 19 - Threshold versus Subthreshold Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

from Section 5 - Dissecting the Clinical Picture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2018

Evelyn J. Bromet
Affiliation:
State University of New York, Stony Brook
Elie G. Karam
Affiliation:
St George Hospital University Medical Center, Lebanon
Karestan C. Koenen
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
Dan J. Stein
Affiliation:
University of Cape Town
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Global Perspectives from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
, pp. 273 - 286
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.DSM-5. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Blanchard, E. B., Hickling, E. J., Taylor, A. E., Loos, W. R., & Gerardi, R. J. (1994). Psychological morbidity associated with motor vehicle accidents. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 283–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blanchard, E. B., Hickling, E. J., Vollmer, A. J., et al. (1995). Short-term follow-up of post-traumatic stress symptoms in motor vehicle accident victims. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 369–77.Google Scholar
Breslau, N., Lucia, V. C., & Davis, G. C. (2004). Partial PTSD versus full PTSD: an empirical examination of associated impairment. Psychological Medicine, 34, 1205–14.Google Scholar
Carlier, I. V., & Gersons, B. P. (1995). Partial posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): the issue of psychological scars and the occurrence of PTSD symptoms. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 183, 107–9.Google Scholar
Cukor, J., Wyka, K., Jayasinghe, N., & Difede, J. (2010). The nature and course of subthreshold PTSD. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 918–23.Google Scholar
Favaro, A., Tenconi, E., Colombo, G., & Santonastaso, P. (2006). Full and partial post-traumatic stress disorder among World War II prisoners of war. Psychopathology, 39, 187–91.Google Scholar
Gellis, L. A., Mavandadi, S., & Oslin, D. W. (2010). Functional quality of life in full versus partial posttraumatic stress disorder among veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 12, e16.Google Scholar
Jakupcak, M., Conybeare, D., Phelps, L., et al. (2007). Anger, hostility, and aggression among Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans reporting PTSD and subthreshold PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20, 945–54.Google Scholar
Jeon, H. J., Suh, T., Lee, H. J., et al. (2007). Partial versus full PTSD in the Korean community: prevalence, duration, correlates, comorbidity, and dysfunctions. Depression and Anxiety, 24, 577–85.Google Scholar
Jones, E., & Wessely, S. (2007). A paradigm shift in the conceptualization of psychological trauma in the 20th century. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 164–75.Google Scholar
Kulka, R. A., Schlenger, W. E., Fairbank, J. A., et al. (1990). Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation: Report of Findings from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study. New York, NY: Bruner/Mazel.Google Scholar
Lai, T. J., Chang, C. M., Connor, K. M., Lee, L. C., & Davidson, J. R. (2004). Full and partial PTSD among earthquake survivors in rural Taiwan. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 38, 313–22.Google Scholar
Lipschitz, D. S., Rasmusson, A. M., Anyan, W., Cromwell, P., & Southwick, S. M. (2000). Clinical and functional correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder in urban adolescent girls at a primary care clinic. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 1104–11.Google Scholar
Maia, D. B., Marmar, C. R., Metzler, T., et al. (2007). Post-traumatic stress symptoms in an elite unit of Brazilian police officers: prevalence and impact on psychosocial functioning and on physical and mental health. Journal of Affective Disorders, 97, 241–5.Google Scholar
Marshall, R. D., Olfson, M., Hellman, F., et al. (2001). Comorbidity, impairment, and suicidality in subthreshold PTSD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1467–73.Google Scholar
McLeer, S. V., Deblinger, E., Henry, D., & Orvaschel, H. (1992). Sexually abused children at high risk for post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 875–79.Google Scholar
McNally, R. J. (2003). Progress and controversy in the study of posttraumatic stress disorder. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 229–52.Google Scholar
Mylle, J., & Maes, M. (2004). Partial posttraumatic stress disorder revisited. Journal of Affective Disorders, 78, 3748.Google Scholar
Naylor, J. C., Dolber, T. R., Strauss, J. L., et al. (2013). A pilot randomized controlled trial with paroxetine for subthreshold PTSD in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom era veterans. Psychiatry Research, 206, 318–20.Google Scholar
Patterson, D. R., Carrigan, L., Questad, K. A., & Robinson, R. (1990). Post-traumatic stress disorder in hospitalized patients with burn injuries. Journal of Burn Care and Research, 11, 181–4.Google Scholar
Pietrzak, R. H., Schechter, C. B., Bromet, E. J., et al. (2012). The burden of full and subsyndromal posttraumatic stress disorder among police involved in the World Trade Center rescue and recovery effort. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46, 835–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosellini, A. J., Stein, M. B., Colpe, L. J., et al. (2015). Approximating a DSM-5 diagnosis of PTSD using DSM-IV criteria. Depression and Anxiety, 32, 493501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SAS Institute Inc. (2008). SAS Software Version 9.2. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.Google Scholar
Schnurr, P. P., Ford, J. D., Friedman, M. J., et al. (2000). Predictors and outcomes of posttraumatic stress disorder in World War II veterans exposed to mustard gas. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 258–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schnurr, P. P., Friedman, M. J., & Rosenberg, S. D. (1993). Premilitary MMPI scores as predictors of combat-related PTSD symptoms. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 479–83.Google Scholar
Schnurr, P. P., Lunney, C. A., & Sengupta, A. (2004). Risk factors for the development versus maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 8595.Google Scholar
Schutzwohl, M., & Maercker, A. (1999). Effects of varying diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder are endorsing the concept of partial PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12, 155–65.Google Scholar
Stein, M. B., Hofler, M., Perkonigg, A., et al. (2002). Patterns of incidence and psychiatric risk factors for traumatic events. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 11, 143–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stein, M. B., Walker, J. R., Hazen, A. L., & Forde, D. R. (1997). Full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder: findings from a community survey. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 1114–9.Google Scholar
Strain, J. J., & Friedman, M. J. (2011). Considering adjustment disorders as stress response syndromes for DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety, 28, 818–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiss, D. S., Marmar, C. R., Schlenger, W. E., et al. (1992). The prevalence of lifetime and partial post-traumatic stress disorder in Vietnam theatre veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5, 365–76.Google Scholar
Wolter, K. M. (1985). Introduction to Variance Estimation. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Zlotnick, C., Franklin, L., & Zimmerman, M. (2002). Does “subthreshold” posttraumatic stress disorder have any clinical relevance? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 43, 413–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×