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Towards common-sense reasoning via conditional simulation: legacies of Turing in Artificial Intelligence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2014

By
Cameron E. Freer ,
Daniel M. Roy  and
Joshua B. Tenenbaum
Edited by
Rod Downey
Cameron E. Freer
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Daniel M. Roy
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Joshua B. Tenenbaum
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Rod Downey
Affiliation:
Victoria University of Wellington
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Summary

Abstract. The problem of replicating the flexibility of human common-sense reasoning has captured the imagination of computer scientists since the early days of Alan Turing's foundational work on computation and the philosophy of artificial intelligence. In the intervening years, the idea of cognition as computation has emerged as a fundamental tenet of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cognitive science. But what kind of computation is cognition?

We describe a computational formalism centered around a probabilistic Turing machine called QUERY, which captures the operation of probabilistic conditioning via conditional simulation. Through several examples and analyses, we demonstrate how the QUERY abstraction can be used to cast common-sense reasoning as probabilistic inference in a statistical model of our observations and the uncertain structure of the world that generated that experience. This formulation is a recent synthesis of several research programs in AI and cognitive science, but it also represents a surprising convergence of several of Turing's pioneering insights in AI, the foundations of computation, and statistics.

§1. Introduction. In his landmark paper Computing Machinery and Intelligence [Tur50], Alan Turing predicted that by the end of the twentieth century, “general educated opinion will have altered so much that one will be able to speak of machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted.” Even if Turing has not yet been proven right, the idea of cognition as computation has emerged as a fundamental tenet of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cognitive science. But what kind of computation—what kind of computer program—is cognition?

Type
Chapter
Information
Turing's Legacy
Developments from Turing's Ideas in Logic
 , pp. 195 - 252
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

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