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Chapter 5 - Effects of volcanic eruptions on the atmosphere and climate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2009

By
Stephen Self
Edited by
Joan Marti  and
Gerald G. J. Ernst
Stephen Self
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
Joan Marti
Affiliation:
Institut de Ciències de la Terra 'Jaume Almera', Barcelona
Gerald G. J. Ernst
Affiliation:
Universiteit Gent, Belgium
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Summary

The bright sun was extinguish'd and the stars

Did wander darkling in the eternal space,

Rayless, and pathless, and the icy earth

Swung blind and blackening in the moonless air;

Morn came and went – and came, and brought no day …

A section from “Darkness” by Lord Byron, written in June 1816 on the shores of Lake Geneva in the midst of the “Year without a Summer,” 14 months after the great eruption of the volcano Tambora in Indonesia.

Introduction

Interest in the effects of volcanic activity on atmospheric phenomena, including the importance of volcanism in moderating climate and weather, has a long but patchy history, with the earliest recognition of a connection stretching back to classical times (Forsyth, 1988). The modern era of description began with the flood lava eruption from the Lakagígar (Laki) fissure in Iceland. Benjamin Franklin is usually attributed with being the first to make the connection between reports of an eruption in Iceland and an appalling “dry fog” (a sulfuric acid aerosol cloud) that hung over Europe in the summer of 1783 (Franklin, 1784; see also Thordarson and Self, 2003). From this point on, the role of volcanism in influencing and moderating our climate and weather has been a topic of debate (Self and Rampino, 1988; Robock, 2000) culminating in the past few decades with the need for a detailed understanding of natural influences on, and variability in, our atmosphere.

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Volcanoes and the Environment , pp. 152 - 174
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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