This paper is a continuation of a project to determine which skew polynomial algebras $S = R[\theta; \alpha]$ satisfy property $(\diamond)$, namely that the injective hull of every simple S-module is locally Artinian, where k is a field, R is a commutative Noetherian k-algebra and α is a k-algebra automorphism of R. Earlier work (which we review) and further analysis done here lead us to focus on the case where S is a primitive domain and R has Krull dimension 1 and contains an uncountable field. Then we show first that if $|\mathrm{Spec}(R)|$ is infinite then S does not satisfy $(\diamond)$. Secondly, we show that when $R = k[X]_{ \lt X \gt }$ and $\alpha (X) = qX$ where $q \in k \setminus \{0\}$ is not a root of unity then S does not satisfy $(\diamond)$. This is in complete contrast to our earlier result that, when $R = k[[X]]$ and α is an arbitrary k-algebra automorphism of infinite order, S satisfies $(\diamond)$. A number of open questions are stated.

We prove a strong quantitative version of the Kurosh Problem, which has been conjectured by Zelmanov, up to a mild polynomial error factor, thereby extending all previously known growth rates of algebraic algebras. Consequently, we provide the first counterexamples to the Kurosh Problem over any field with known subexponential growth, and the first examples of finitely generated, infinite-dimensional, nil Lie algebras with known subexponential growth over fields of characteristic zero.

We also widen the known spectrum of the Gel’fand–Kirillov dimensions of algebraic algebras, improving the answer of Alahmadi–Alsulami–Jain–Zelmanov to a question of Bell, Smoktunowicz, Small and Young. Finally, we prove improved analogous results for graded-nil algebras.

In this paper, we show that for a large natural class of vertex operator algebras (VOAs) and their modules, the Zhu’s algebras and bimodules (and their g-twisted analogs) are Noetherian. These carry important information about the representation theory of the VOA, and its fusion rules, and the Noetherian property gives the potential for (non-commutative) algebro-geometric methods to be employed in their study.

Let $R$ be a strongly $\mathbb {Z}^2$-graded ring, and let $C$ be a bounded chain complex of finitely generated free $R$-modules. The complex $C$ is $R_{(0,0)}$-finitely dominated, or of type $FP$ over $R_{(0,0)}$, if it is chain homotopy equivalent to a bounded complex of finitely generated projective $R_{(0,0)}$-modules. We show that this happens if and only if $C$ becomes acyclic after taking tensor product with a certain eight rings of formal power series,  the graded analogues of classical Novikov rings. This extends results of Ranicki,  Quinn and the first author on Laurent polynomial rings in one and two indeterminates.

In a 1968 issue of the Proceedings, P. M. Cohn famously claimed that a commutative domain is atomic if and only if it satisfies the ascending chain condition on principal ideals (ACCP). Some years later, a counterexample was however provided by A. Grams, who showed that every commutative domain with the ACCP is atomic, but not vice versa. This has led to the problem of finding a sensible (ideal-theoretic) characterisation of atomicity.

The question (explicitly stated on p. 3 of A. Geroldinger and F. Halter–Koch’s 2006 monograph on factorisation) is still open. We settle it here by using the language of monoids and preorders.

The finite dual $H^{\circ}$ of an affine commutative-by-finite Hopf algebra H is studied. Such a Hopf algebra H is an extension of an affine commutative Hopf algebra A by a finite dimensional Hopf algebra $\overline{H}$ . The main theorem gives natural conditions under which $H^{\circ}$ decomposes as a crossed or smash product of $\overline{H}^{\ast}$ by the finite dual $A^{\circ}$ of A. This decomposition is then further analysed using the Cartier–Gabriel–Kostant theorem to obtain component Hopf subalgebras of $H^{\circ}$ mapping onto the classical components of $A^{\circ}$ . The detailed consequences for a number of families of examples are then studied.

Let R be a finite ring and let ${\mathrm {zp}}(R)$ denote the nullity degree of R, that is, the probability that the multiplication of two randomly chosen elements of R is zero. We establish the nullity degree of a semisimple ring and find upper and lower bounds for the nullity degree in the general case.

Fisher [10] and Baur [6] showed independently in the seventies that if T is a complete first-order theory extending the theory of modules, then the class of models of T with pure embeddings is stable. In [25, 2.12], it is asked if the same is true for any abstract elementary class $(K, \leq _p)$ such that K is a class of modules and $\leq _p$ is the pure submodule relation. In this paper we give some instances where this is true:Theorem.

Assume R is an associative ring with unity. Let $(K, \leq _p)$ be an AEC such that $K \subseteq R\text {-Mod}$

and K is closed under finite direct sums, then:

• • If K is closed under pure-injective envelopes, then $\mathbf {K}$ is $\lambda $ -stable for every $\lambda \geq \operatorname {LS}(\mathbf {K})$ such that $\lambda ^{|R| + \aleph _0}= \lambda $ .

• • If K is closed under pure submodules and pure epimorphic images, then $\mathbf {K}$ is $\lambda $ -stable for every $\lambda $ such that $\lambda ^{|R| + \aleph _0}= \lambda $ .

• • Assume R is Von Neumann regular. If $\mathbf {K}$ is closed under submodules and has arbitrarily large models, then $\mathbf {K}$ is $\lambda $ -stable for every $\lambda $ such that $\lambda ^{|R| + \aleph _0}= \lambda $ .

As an application of these results we give new characterizations of noetherian rings, pure-semisimple rings, Dedekind domains, and fields via superstability. Moreover, we show how these results can be used to show a link between being good in the stability hierarchy and being good in the axiomatizability hierarchy.

Another application is the existence of universal models with respect to pure embeddings in several classes of modules. Among them, the class of flat modules and the class of $\mathfrak {s}$ -torsion modules.

We determine the metric dimension of the annihilating-ideal graph of a local finite commutative principal ring and a finite commutative principal ring with two maximal ideals. We also find bounds for the metric dimension of the annihilating-ideal graph of an arbitrary finite commutative principal ring.

This is a general study of twisted Calabi–Yau algebras that are $\mathbb {N}$ -graded and locally finite-dimensional, with the following major results. We prove that a locally finite graded algebra is twisted Calabi–Yau if and only if it is separable modulo its graded radical and satisfies one of several suitable generalizations of the Artin–Schelter regularity property, adapted from the work of Martinez-Villa as well as Minamoto and Mori. We characterize twisted Calabi–Yau algebras of dimension 0 as separable k-algebras, and we similarly characterize graded twisted Calabi–Yau algebras of dimension 1 as tensor algebras of certain invertible bimodules over separable algebras. Finally, we prove that a graded twisted Calabi–Yau algebra of dimension 2 is noetherian if and only if it has finite GK dimension.

Generalised quantum determinantal rings are the analogue in quantum matrices of Schubert varieties. Maximal orders are the noncommutative version of integrally closed rings. In this paper, we show that generalised quantum determinantal rings are maximal orders. The cornerstone of the proof is a description of generalised quantum determinantal rings, up to a localisation, as skew polynomial extensions.

Let 𝔟 be the Borel subalgebra of the Lie algebra 𝔰𝔩2 and V2 be the simple two-dimensional 𝔰𝔩2-module. For the universal enveloping algebra $\[{\cal A}: = U(\gb \ltimes {V_2})\]$ of the semi-direct product 𝔟⋉V2 of Lie algebras, the prime, primitive and maximal spectra are classified. Please approve edit to the sentence “The sets of completely prime…”.The sets of completely prime ideals of $\[{\cal A}\]$ are described. The simple unfaithful $\[{\cal A}\]$-modules are classified and an explicit description of all prime factor algebras of $\[{\cal A}\]$ is given. The following classes of simple U(𝔟⋉V2)-modules are classified: the Whittaker modules, the 𝕂[X]-torsion modules and the 𝕂[E]-torsion modules.

We realize Leavitt ultragraph path algebras as partial skew group rings. Using this realization we characterize artinian ultragraph path algebras and give simplicity criteria for these algebras.

A ring is called right annelidan if the right annihilator of any subset of the ring is comparable with every other right ideal. In this paper we develop the connections between this class of rings and the classes of right Bézout rings and rings whose right ideals form a distributive lattice. We obtain results on localization of right annelidan rings at prime ideals, chain conditions that entail left-right symmetry of the annelidan condition, and construction of completely prime ideals.

We characterise finite unitary rings $R$ such that all Sylow subgroups of the group of units $R^{\ast }$ are cyclic. To be precise, we show that, up to isomorphism, $R$ is one of the three types of rings in $\{O,E,O\oplus E\}$, where $O\in \{GF(q),\mathbb{Z}_{p^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}}\}$ is a ring of odd cardinality and $E$ is a ring of cardinality $2^{n}$ which is one of seven explicitly described types.

We study a Morita-equivalent version of the Zariski cancellation problem.

If H is a monoid and a = u1 ··· uk ∈ H with atoms (irreducible elements) u1, … , uk, then k is a length of a, the set of lengths of a is denoted by Ⅼ(a), and ℒ(H) = {Ⅼ(a) | a ∈ H} is the system of sets of lengths of H. Let R be a hereditary Noetherian prime (HNP) ring. Then every element of the monoid of non-zero-divisors R• can be written as a product of atoms. We show that if R is bounded and every stably free right R-ideal is free, then there exists a transfer homomorphism from R• to the monoid B of zero-sum sequences over a subset Gmax(R) of the ideal class group G(R). This implies that the systems of sets of lengths, together with further arithmetical invariants, of the monoids R• and B coincide. It is well known that commutative Dedekind domains allow transfer homomorphisms to monoids of zero-sum sequences, and the arithmetic of the latter has been the object of much research. Our approach is based on the structure theory of finitely generated projective modules over HNP rings, as established in the recent monograph by Levy and Robson. We complement our results by giving an example of a non-bounded HNP ring in which every stably free right R-ideal is free but which does not allow a transfer homomorphism to a monoid of zero-sum sequences over any subset of its ideal class group.

The author has previously associated to each commutative ring with unit $R$ and étale groupoid $\mathscr{G}$ with locally compact, Hausdorff and totally disconnected unit space an $R$-algebra $R\,\mathscr{G}$. In this paper we characterize when $R\,\mathscr{G}$ is Noetherian and when it is Artinian. As corollaries, we extend the characterization of Abrams, Aranda Pino and Siles Molina of finite-dimensional and of Noetherian Leavitt path algebras over a field to arbitrary commutative coefficient rings and we recover the characterization of Okniński of Noetherian inverse semigroup algebras and of Zelmanov of Artinian inverse semigroup algebras.

We show that every finitely generated algebra that is a finitely generated module over a finitely generated commutative subalgebra is an automaton algebra in the sense of Ufnarovskii.

We study the injective hulls of faithful characteristic zero finite dimensional irreducible representations of uniform nilpotent pro-p groups, seen as modules over their corresponding Iwasawa algebras. Using this we prove that the kernels of these representations are classically localisable.