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El gen de DRD2 y el riesgo de dependencia de alcohol en pacientes bipolares
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
La elevada comorbilidad entre el trastorno bipolar y la dependencia de alcohol puede tener explicaciones diferentes, una de las cuales es la existencia de factores genéticos comunes para los dos trastornos. Es posible que estén implicados varios genes candidatos, pero los que actúan en la vía dopa-minérgica pueden estarlo más específicamente. Así, hemos examinado el papel del gen que codifica el receptor D2 de dopamina (alelo Al Taql) en la vulnerabilidad potencialmente compartida a la dependencia de alcohol y el trastorno bipolar. Se seleccionó a 122 pacientes franceses (durante dos genera-ciones al menos) sobre la base de los ficheros hospitalarios u ambulatorios y se los entrevistó con la DIGS. Las frecuencias del alelo Al se compararon entre cuatro grupos, a saber: pacientes bipolares con dependencia de alcohol comórbida (n = 21), pacientes bipolares sin morbilidad de alcohol (n = 31), pacientes con dependencia de alcohol sin trastorno del estado de ánimo (n = 35) y controles no afecta-dos (n = 35). El equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg para los genotipos Al Taql del DRD2 se respetó para la muestra como un todo, y para cada submuestra. Observamos que el 42,9% de los sujetos de control tie-nen un alelo Al al menos, una frecuencia que no difiere significativamente de la observada en la muestra afectada como un todo (39,1%), ni de la frecuencia de los pacientes con dependencia de alcohol (37,1%), los pacientes con trastorno bipolar (48,4%) o los pacientes con dependencia de alcohol y trastorno bipolar (28,6%). El análisis de regresión basado en las tres variables (trastorno bipolar, dependencia de alcohol e interacción entre estos dos trastornos) no explica la presencia del alelo Al del gen del DRD2. Así, no encontramos datos para un papel significativo del alelo Al del gen del receptor D2 de dopamina en la asociación específica entre el trastorno bipolar y la dependencia de alcohol en nues-tra muestra.
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