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Germination ecology of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) and its implications for weed management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 October 2021

Aseemjot Singh ,
Gulshan Mahajan Open the ORCID record for Gulshan Mahajan [Opens in a new window]  and
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Aseemjot Singh
Affiliation:
Former Master of Science Scholar, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia; current: Research Assistant, Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
Gulshan Mahajan*
Affiliation:
Research Fellow, Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia; Principal Agronomist, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Affiliation:
Professor, Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI) and School of Agriculture and Food Sciences (SAFS), University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia; Adjunct Professor, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, Haryana, India
*
Author for correspondence: Gulshan Mahajan, Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia. Email: g.mahajan@uq.edu.au
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Abstract

Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) is a widespread weed of the southeastern cropping region of Australia. Seed germination ecology of S. arvensis populations selected from different climatic regions may differ due to adaptative traits. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature, light, radiant heat, soil moisture, salt concentration, and burial depth on seed germination and seedling emergence of two populations (Queensland [Qld] population: tropical region; and Victoria [Vic] population: temperate region) of S. arvensis. Both populations germinated over a wide range of day/night (12-h/12-h) temperatures (15/5 to 35/25 C), and had the highest germination at 30/20 C. Under complete darkness, the Qld population (61%) had higher germination than the Vic population (21%); however, under the light/dark regime, both populations had similar germination (78% to 86%). At 100 C pretreatment for 5 min, the Qld population (44%) had higher germination than the Vic population (13%). Germination of both populations was nil when given pretreatment at 150 and 200 C. The Vic population was found tolerant to high osmotic and salt stress compared with the Qld population. At an osmotic potential of −0.4 MPa, germination of Qld and Vic populations was reduced by 85% and 42%, respectively, compared with their respective controls. At 40, 80, and 160 mM sodium chloride, germination was lower for the Qld population than the Vic population. Averaged over the populations, seedling emergence was highest (52%) from a burial depth of 1 cm and was nil from 8-cm depth. Differential germination behaviors of both populations to temperature, light, radiant heat, water stress, and salt stress suggest that populations of S. arvensis may have undergone differential adaptation. Knowledge gained from this study will assist in developing suitable control measures for this weed species to reduce the soil seedbank.

Keywords

Burial depthemergenceradiant heatsalt stressweed ecology
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 70 , Issue 1 , January 2022 , pp. 103 - 111
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Ian Burke, Washington State University

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