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71 - Human cytomegalovirus vaccines

from Part VII - Vaccines and immunothgerapy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
Thomas C. Heineman
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
Thomas C. Heineman
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri, USA
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

Efforts to develop a human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) vaccine began more than 30 years ago in response to then recent reports that HCMV was capable of causing severe congenital disease. During the intervening years, our understanding of HCMV biology and immunology has increased dramatically. That knowledge, coupled with the introduction of several new vaccine methodologies, opened the door to an impressive expansion of HCMV vaccine research, particularly during the past decade. This chapter focuses on the principles underlying HCMV vaccine development and on the vaccine approaches that are currently under investigation.

Cytomegalovirus and human disease

The manifestations of HCMV infection vary with the age and immunocompetence of the host. In both adults and children, HCMV infection is usually asymptomatic. On rare occasions, otherwise healthy adults with primary HCMV infection will experience an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome, with prolonged fever and mild hepatitis (Cohen and Corey, 1985). However, HCMV can cause serious morbidity and mortality when the host is unable to mount an adequate immune response or when infection is acquired in utero.

Congenital HCMV infection occurs in about 1% of children born in the USA, resulting in approximately 40 000 new infections each year (Pass and Burke, 2002; Plotkin, 1999). More than 90% of infected infants are asymptomatic at birth, and most will escape serious consequences of HCMV infection.

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 1274 - 1291
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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