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12 - Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Halipegus occidualis: their life cycles and a genius at work

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 November 2009

Gerald Esch
Affiliation:
Wake Forest University, North Carolina
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Summary

Earth knows no desolation.

She smells regeneration.

In the moist breath of decay.

‘Ode to the spirit of earth in autumn’, George Meredith (1828–1913)

One of the best parasitologists in the early part of the twentieth century for making discoveries involving parasite life cycles was Wendell Krull. The late, and great, Miriam Rothschild referred to him as “a genius who hid his light under a bushel” (Ewing, 2001). Part of her admiration for Krull stemmed from his research on the life cycle of Halipegus occidualis, the hemiurid fluke that lives under the tongues of North American ranid frogs. Others might consider him as a genius for his contribution in resolving the life cycle of Dicrocoelium dendriticum.

Wendell Krull is now dead, so I had to rely on other resources for special information regarding his career and some of the research he accomplished. In addition to a number of Krull's papers, one of the important biographical sources for this effort was a book written by Sidney Ewing, entitled Wendell Krull: Trematodes and Naturalists, published in 2001. It really is a delightful read. Over a period of eleven years, including his three years as a graduate student, Sidney had many conversations with Krull regarding his life's work. I have unashamedly quoted from Ewing's book throughout the essay. I also had the wonderful opportunity of interviewing Sidney Ewing and his wife, Margaret, who provided me with even more insights regarding Krull, including Margaret's experience in Krull's veterinary parasitology course at Oklahoma State University.

Type
Chapter
Information
Parasites and Infectious Disease
Discovery by Serendipity and Otherwise
, pp. 282 - 298
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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References

Brusca, R. C. and Brusca, G. J.. 2003. Invertebrates. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer.Google Scholar
Ewing, S. A. 2001. Wendell Krull: Trematodes and Naturalists. Stillwater, Oklahoma: College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University.Google Scholar
Krull, W. H. 1929. The rearing of dragonflies from eggs. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 22: 651–658.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krull, W. H. 1930. The life history of two frog lung flukes. Journal of Parasitology 16: 207–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krull, W. H. 1935. Studies on the life history of Halipegus occidualis Stafford, 1905. American Midland Naturalist 16: 129–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krull, W. H. and Mapes, C. R.. 1952a. Studies on the biology of Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1899 (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae), including its relation to the intermediate host, Cionella lubrica (Muller). III. Observations on slimeballs of Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Cornell Veterinarian 42: 253–276.Google Scholar
Krull, W. H. and Mapes, C. R.. 1952b. Studies on the biology of Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1899 (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidae), including its relation to the intermediate host, Cionella lubrica(Muller). VII. The second intermediate host of Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Cornell Veterinarian 42: 603–604.Google Scholar
Rothschild, M. 1938. Cercaria sinitzini n. sp., a cystophorous cercaria from Peringia ulvae (Pennant 1777). Novitates Zoologicae, 41: 42–57.Google Scholar

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