In the past 25 years computers have become around a million times faster. This is allowing many examples where full flows or subzones involve the near-direct solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. Since these equations are remarkably exact, such simulations rival measurements. Hence, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) landscape is beginning to change dramatically. Eddy-resolving simulations should, in roughly the next 10 years, see substantial use in industry in niche areas. The use of eddy-resolving approaches moves CFD to being predictive rather than more postdictive.

CFD problems are increasingly moving towards being coupled, multi-physics and multi-scale with complex geometries. They also frequently use formal design optimization processes. This book attempts to meet this CFD evolution and give an overview of the plethora of methods available to the engineer. Unlike many other volumes, here numerical methods are restricted to just one chapter. This is partly motivated by the observation that even though a vast range of numerical methods exist, as with many other areas of CFD, such a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and LES, just a few schemes/models see widespread use. Doubtless, many will regard this as a bold approach. However, it has enabled me to give more coverage to the areas of CFD knowledge that are needed to exploit it for aerodynamic design.

I am highly grateful to all the PhD students who have so kindly helped me with aspects of text preparation. Special thanks are due to Zaib Ali who, as ever, was a tremendous help with the text preparation. I am grateful for his careful and diligent work. Jiahuan Cui and Mahak Mahak and Richard Oriji also offered tremendous and kind help with the text preparation. I am also grateful to Richard Oriji, Hardeep Kalsi and Sanjeev Shanmuganathan for neatly drawing many of the schematics used. There are two exercises relating to writing compressible and incompressible flow solvers. Inspiration for the compressible was taken from the Cambridge University CFD course. Professor John Denton developed this course, and this inspiration is gratefully acknowledged. As stated by Confucius – I hear, I forget, I write, I remember, I do, I understand. Although time-consuming and challenging, the code-writing tasks are enlightening.