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The rise and fall of the Chinese pirates: from initiators to obstructors of maritime trade

from Développement maritime et maîtrise économique et financière

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2017

Ei Murakami
Affiliation:
Kyoto University
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Summary

ABSTRACT. This article demonstrates how Chinese piracy played a major role in the economic and political development of the region. The ban on all maritime activity by the Ming and the lack of circulating money, despite high levels of silver production in Japan, are the main factors of the spectacular development of Chinese piracy, the famous Wokou. They contributed through their actions to the economic development of China and its insertion in the global exchange economy. Their role also had consequences for Japan where their actions favored unification. The piracy regressed with the creation of modern states in both China and Japan; people became interested in maritime trade and thus wanted to control the coasts.

RÉSUMÉ. Cette contribution montre combien la piraterie chinoise eut un rôle moteur dans le développement économique et politique de la région. L'interdiction de toute activité maritime par les Ming, le manque de numéraire en Chine alors que la production d'argent au Japon était conséquente, sont les facteurs principaux du développement spectaculaire de la piraterie chinoise, les célèbres Wokous. Ils contribuèrent, par leurs entreprises, au développement économique de la Chine et à son insertion dans une économie globale d'échanges. Leur rôle n'est pas également sans conséquences sur le Japon où leurs actions favorisèrent l'unification. La piraterie régressa lorsque l'avènement d'Etats modernes, tant en Chine qu'au Japon, en viendront à s'intéresser au commerce maritime et à vouloir, de ce fait, contrôler les côtes.

The role of pirates in East Asia greatly changed from the 16th to the 18th century. East Asian pirates played an important role in the expansion of the Chinese and global economies during the 16th and 17th centuries. They also influenced political change in East Asia, including China. In contrast, they lost their influence, especially their economic role in China and East Asia, during the 18th century. This chapter attempts to explain the reasons for that great change.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2017

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