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Chapter 70 - Acid–Base Physiology

from Section 6 - Kidney and Body Fluids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 July 2019

David Chambers ,
Christopher Huang  and
Gareth Matthews
David Chambers
Affiliation:
Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust
Christopher Huang
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Gareth Matthews
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

The word ‘acid’ is derived from the Latin acidus, meaning sour. Early chemists defined an acid as a chemical substance whose aqueous solution tastes sour, changes the colour of litmus paper to red and reacts with certain metals to produce the flammable gas, hydrogen. Likewise, a base is a chemical substance whose aqueous solution tastes bitter, changes the colour of litmus paper to blue and reacts with acids to produce a salt.

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Basic Physiology for Anaesthetists , pp. 329 - 337
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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References

Further reading

Post, T., Rose, B.. Clinical Physiology of Acid–Base and Electrolyte Disorders, 5th edition. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2001.Google Scholar
Aziz, K. A. A., Meduoye, A.. Is pH-stat or alpha-stat the best technique to follow in patients undergoing deep hypothermic circulatory arrest? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010; 10(2): 271–82.Google ScholarPubMed
Morris, C. G., Low, J.. Metabolic acidosis in the critically ill: part 1. Classification and pathophysiology. Anaesthesia 2008; 63(3): 294–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, C. G., Low, J.. Metabolic acidosis in the critically ill: part 2. Causes and treatment. Anaesthesia 2008; 63(4): 396–411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Badr, A., Nightingale, P.. An alternative approach to acid–base abnormalities in critically ill patients. Continuing Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain 2007; 7(4): 107–11.Google Scholar
Story, D. A., Morimatsu, H., Bellomo, R.. Strong ions, weak acids and base excess: a simplified Fencl–Stewart approach to clinical acid–base disorders. Br J Anaesth 2004; 92(1): 54–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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