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3 - Inter-stage context and time as determinants of latent inhibition

from Current topics in latent inhibition research

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2010

By
Luis Gonzalo De la Casa  and
Oskar Pineño
Edited by
Robert Lubow  and
Ina Weiner
Robert Lubow
Affiliation:
Tel-Aviv University
Ina Weiner
Affiliation:
Tel-Aviv University
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Summary

Introduction: effects of time and context on latent inhibition

Despite its apparent simplicity, the phenomenon of latent inhibition (LI) represents one of the most sophisticated and flexible mechanisms that organisms with complex nervous systems have developed through evolution to ensure efficient interaction with the environment. Because the environment is constantly changing, mechanisms that determine the processing of a neutral stimulus depend on a large range of different circumstances. In this chapter we will focus on the role played by two factors, namely, time and context, that seemingly affect LI separately, as well as in combination. The impact of these factors (both apart and conjointly) on LI is still one of the greatest challenges to associative theories of learning.

In any learning process there is a series of elements that determine the intensity and type of association that is formed. In the case of classical conditioning, some of the parameters on which Pavlov (1927) concentrated in his original studies were related to the temporal contiguity between stimuli (e.g., whether the stimuli involved in the pairings were presented simultaneously or sequentially, or the order in their presentation when presented sequentially), as well as to the excitatory vs. inhibitory nature of the association acquired under different treatments. Some other elements that have subsequently demonstrated their relevance to associative learning were also pointed out by Pavlov, although sometimes in a quite intuitive manner. For example, he mentioned that conditioned reflexes could be affected by the surrounding stimuli during conditioning in the animal's environment.

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Latent Inhibition
Cognition, Neuroscience and Applications to Schizophrenia
 , pp. 40 - 61
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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