Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T18:31:15.607Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 6 - Disorders Due to Substance Use

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 October 2023

By
John B. Saunders
Edited by
Peter Tyrer
Peter Tyrer
Affiliation:
Emeritus, Imperial College London
Get access

Summary

Disorders due to substance use include some of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alcohol accounts for 3 million deaths worldwide and 5.1% of the global burden of disease and is the leading cause of premature mortality and disability among people aged 15–49 years, accounting for 10% of all deaths in this age group.1 Tobacco, typically in the form of cigarettes, and with nicotine as the pharmacological addictive driver, is the cause of 8.7 million deaths and 7.9% of the global burden of disease.2 Among the 25- to 49-year-old age group, psychoactive drug use causes 2.9% of the global burden of disease,3 deaths having increased by 70% over the past decade, and opioids accounting for 70% of them.4 Prescribed opioids and sedative-hypnotics also claim significant morbidity and mortality.

Type
Chapter
Information
Making Sense of the ICD-11
For Mental Health Professionals
 , pp. 70 - 85
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

World Health Organization. (2018). Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565639Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (2021). WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2021. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
GBD Risk Factors Collaborators. (2020). Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of disease Study 2019. Lancet, 396, 1223–1249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2021). World Drug Report 2021. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.Google Scholar
Poznyak, V., Reed, G.M., Medina-Mora, M.E. (2018). Aligning the ICD-11 classification of disorders due to substance use with global service needs. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci, 27, 212–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. (2019). International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (ICD-11 MMS). Geneva: World Health Organization. https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/enGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization. (2021). International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision (ICD-11). Diagnostic Guidelines for Disorders Due to Substance Use. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Saunders, J.B., Latt, N.C. (2020). Diagnostic definitions and classification of substance use disorders. In El-Guebaly, N. (Ed.), Textbook of Addiction Treatment, chapter 8. Springer.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (2004). Neuroscience of Psychoactive Substance Use and Dependence. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Koob, G.F., Volkow, N.D. (2016). Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis. Lancet Psychiatry, 3, 760–773.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saunders, J.B., Conigrave, K.M., Latt, N.C., et al. (2016). Addiction Medicine, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Room, R. (2006). Multicultural contexts and alcohol and drug use as symbolic behaviour. Addict Res Theory, 13, 321–331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization. (1992). ICD-10: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: Tenth Revision. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (1992). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (1993). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Hasin, D., Grant, B.F., Cottler, L., et al. (1997). Nosological comparisons of alcohol and drug diagnoses: a multisite, multi-instrument international study. Drug Alcohol Depend, 47, 217–226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pull, C.B., Saunders, J.B., Mavreas, V., et al. (1997). Concordance between ICD-10 alcohol and drug use disorder criteria and diagnoses as measured by the AUDADIS-ADR, CIDI and SCAN: results of a cross-national study. Drug Alcohol Depend, 47, 207–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poznyak, V. (2014). Background to the development of the section on Disorders due to Substance Use and Related Conditions in the draft ICD 11. Presented at the World Congress of the World Psychiatric Association, Madrid, Spain, September 2014. Available through the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva.Google Scholar
Saunders, J.B. (2014). Rationale for changes in the Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines of Disorders due to Substance Use and Related Conditions in the draft ICD 11. Presented at the World Congress of the World Psychiatric Association, Madrid, Spain, September 2014.Google Scholar
Reed, G.M., Rebello, T.J., Pike, K.M., et al. (2015). WHO’s Global Clinical Practice Network for Mental Health. Lancet Psychiatry, 2, 379–380.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cottler, L.B., Grant, B.F. (2006). Characteristics of nosologically informative data sets that address key diagnostic issues facing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-V) and International Classification of Diseases, eleventh edition (ICD-11) substance use disorders workgroups. Addiction, 101(Suppl 1), 161–169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saunders, J.B., Cottler, L.B. (2007). The development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Version V substance use disorders section: establishing the research framework. Curr Opin Psychiatry, 20, 208–212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Degenhardt, L., Bharat, C., Bruno, R., et al.; on behalf of the WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators. (2019). Concordance between the diagnostic guidelines for alcohol and cannabis use disorders in the draft ICD-11 and other classification systems: analysis of data from the WHO’s World Mental Health Surveys. Addiction, 114, 534–552.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lago, L., Bruno, R., Degenhardt, L. (2016). Concordance of ICD-11 and DSM-5 definitions of alcohol and cannabis use disorders: a population survey. Lancet Psychiatry, 3, 673–684.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Degenhardt, L., Bruno, R., Lintzeris, N., et al. (2015). Agreement between definitions of pharmaceutical opioid use disorders and dependence in people taking opioids for chronic non-cancer pain (POINT): a cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry, 2, 314–322.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, G., Arif, A., Hodgson, R. (1981). Nomenclature and classification of drug and alcohol-related problems: a WHO memorandum. Bull World Health Organ, 59, 255–242.Google ScholarPubMed
Paton, A., Potter, J.F., Saunders, J.B. (1981). ABC of alcohol. Nature of the problem. Br Med J, 283, 1318–1319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cherpitel, C.J., Ye, Y., Poznyak., V. (2018). Single episode of alcohol use resulting in injury: a cross-sectional study in 21 countries. Bull World Health Organ, 96, 335–342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, G., Gross, M.M. (1976). Alcohol dependence: provisional description of a clinical syndrome. BMJ, 1, 1058–1061.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gastfriend, D.R., Mee-Lee, D. (2004). The ASAM Patient Placement Criteria: context, concepts, and continuing development. J Addict Dis, 22, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacMaster, S.A. (2004). Harm reduction: a new perspective on substance abuse services. Soc Work, 49, 356–363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stocking, E., Hall, W.D., Lynskey, M., et al. (2016). Prevention, early intervention, harm reduction, and treatment of substance use in young people. Lancet Psychiatry, 3, 280–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, A.M., Kaptoge, S., Butterworth, A.S., et al. (2018). Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies. Lancet, 391, 1513–1523.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed., Revised (DSM-III-R). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Hasin, D.S., O’Brien, C.P., Auriacombe., M., et al. (2013). DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders: recommendations and rationale. Am J Psychiatry, 170, 834–851.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chung, T., Cornelius, J., Clark., D., Martin, C. (2017). Greater prevalence of proposed ICD-11 alcohol and cannabis dependence compared to ICD-10, DSM-IV and DSM-5 in treated adolescents. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 41, 1584–1592.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saunders, J.B., Degenhardt, L., Reed, G.M., Poznyak, V. (2019). Alcohol use disorders in ICD-11: past, present and future. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 43, 1617–1631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rehm, J., Heilig, M., Gual, A. (2019). ICD‐11 for alcohol use disorders: not a convincing answer to the challenges. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 43, 2296–2300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Insel, T., Cuthbert, B., Garvey, M., et al. (2010). Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. Am J Psychiatry, 167, 748–751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×