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Chapter 30 - Macroglial Reactions

from Cellular Responses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2021

Mirna Lechpammer ,
Marc Del Bigio  and
Rebecca Folkerth
By
Marc Del Bigio
Mirna Lechpammer
Affiliation:
New York University School of Medicine
Marc Del Bigio
Affiliation:
University of Manitoba, Canada
Rebecca Folkerth
Affiliation:
New York University School of Medicine
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Summary

Astrocytes are the cells most responsible for dynamic homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS; 1, 2). During development, they arise from maturing radial glia as well as from symmetric division of existing astrocytes (3, 4). Their cell processes are in intimate contact with synapses, myelin internodes, and capillaries. They are involved in the flow of extracellular fluids through the glymphatic system (5). Gap junctions form an extensive interconnected network of astrocytes with their brethren and with oligodendrocytes. Signaling by calcium ion and other factors helps coordinate their activities (6). They are responsible for recycling many neurotransmitters, regulating blood flow in the microdomains, and maintaining the blood-brain barrier. With this plethora of duties, astrocytes must be able to react rapidly to a range of stresses and insults.

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Information
Perinatal Neuropathology , pp. 155 - 158
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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