Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-m8s7h Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-21T23:17:12.976Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2010

Daena J. Goldsmith
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbey, A., Andrews, F. M., & Halman, L. J. (1995). The provision and receipt of social support and disregard: What is their impact on the marital life quality of infertile and fertile couples?Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 455–469CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abdel-Halim, A. A. (1982). Social support and managerial affective responses to job stress. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 3, 281–295CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abel, E. K. (1989). The ambiguities of social support: Adult daughters caring for frail elderly parents. Journal of Aging Studies, 3, 211–230CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acitelli, L. K. (1996). The neglected links between marital support and marital satisfaction. In G. R. Pierce, B. R. Sarason, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Handbook of social support and the family (pp. 83–103). New York: PlenumCrossRef
Albrecht, T. L., & Goldsmith, D. J. (2003). Social support, social networks, and health. In T. L. Thompson, A. M. Dorsey, K. I. Miller, & R. Parrott (Eds.), Handbook of health communication (pp. 263–284). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
Aldwin, C. M. (1994). Stress, coping, and development: An integrative perspective. New York: Guilford Press
Aneshensel, C. S., & Frerichs, R. R. (1982). Stress, support, and depression: A longitudinal causal model. Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 363–3763.0.CO;2-8>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antonucci, T. C. (1985). Personal characteristics, social networks, and social behavior. In R. H. Binstock & E. Shanas (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (2nd ed., pp. 94–128). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold
Antonucci, T. C., & Israel, B. (1986). Veridicality of social support: A comparison of principal and network members' responses. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 432–437CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antonucci, T. C., & Jackson, J. S. (1987). Social support, interpersonal efficacy, and health: A life course perspective. In L. Carstensen & B. A. Edelstein (Eds.), Handbook of clinical gerontology (pp. 291–311). New York: Pergamon
Baker, J. M. (1997). Social support and academic persistence: A test of the optimal-matching model. Unpublished dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
Bakhtin, M. M. (1986). The problem of speech genres. In C. Emerson & M. Holquist (Eds.), M. M. Bakhtin: Speech genres and other late essays (pp. 60–102). (V. W. McGee, Trans.). Austin: University of Texas Press
Barbee, A. P., & Cunningham, M. (1995). An experimental approach to social support communications: Interactive coping in close relationships. In B. R. Burleson (Ed.), Communication yearbook 18 (pp. 381–413). Thousand Oaks, CA: SageCrossRef
Barker, C., & Lemle, R. (1984). Informal helping in partner and stranger dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, 541–547CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, M. K., & Duck, S. (1994). Everyday communicative contexts for social support. In B. R. Burleson, T. L. Albrecht, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Communication of social support: Messages, interactions, relationships, and community (pp. 175–194). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Barnet, M. A., & Harris, R. J. (1984). Peer counselors and friends: Expected and preferred responses. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 253–261Google Scholar
Barrera, M. (1980). A method for the assessment of social support networks in community survey research. Connections, 3, 8–13Google Scholar
Barrera, M. (1981). Social support in the adjustment of pregnant adolescents. In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.), Social networks and social support (pp. 69–96). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
Barrera, M. (1986). Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 413–445CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrera, M. (1988). Models of social support and life stress. In L. H. Cohen (Ed.), Life events and psychological functioning: Theoretical and methodological issues (pp. 211–236). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Barrera, M., & Ainlay, S. L. (1983). The structure of social support: A conceptual and empirical analysis. Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 133–1433.0.CO;2-L>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bates, D. B., & Toro, P. A. (1999). Developing measures to assess social support among homeless and poor people. Journal of Community Psychology, 27, 137–1563.0.CO;2-B>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxter, L. A. (1987). Symbols of relationship identity in relationship culture. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 4, 261–280CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxter, L. A. (1993). The social and the personal of close relationships. In S. Duck (Ed.), Social contexts of relationships (pp. 139–165). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Belsher, G., & Costello, C. G. (1991). Do confidants of depressed women provide less social support than confidants of nondepressed women?Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 516–525CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berkman, L. F. (1985). The relationship of social networks and social support to morbidity and mortality. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 241–262). New York: Academic Press
Berman, S. L., Kurtines, W. M., Silverman, W. K., & Serafini, L. T. (1996). The impact of exposure to crime and violence on urban youth. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 66, 329–336CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bippus, A. M. (2000). Humor usage in comforting episodes: Factors predicting outcomes. Western Journal of Communication, 64, 359–384CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bippus, A. M. (2001). Recipients' criteria for evaluating the skillfulness of comforting communication and the outcomes of comforting interactions. Communication Monographs, 68, 301–313CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, S. J., & Leadbeater, B. J. (1999). Maternal social support patterns and child maltreatment: Comparison of maltreating and nonmaltreating mothers. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 69, 172–181CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bodenmann, G. (1997a). Dyadic coping: A systemic-transactional view of stress and coping among couples: Theory and empirical findings. Revue Europeenne de Psychologie Appliquee, 47, 137–140Google Scholar
Bodenmann, G. (1997b). The influence of stress and coping on close relationships: A two-year longitudinal study. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 56, 156–164Google Scholar
Bolger, N., Foster, M., Vinokur, A. D., & Ng, R. (1996). Close relationships and adjustment to a life crisis: The case of breast cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 283–294CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bolger, N., Zuckerman, A., & Kessler, R. C. (2000). Invisible support and adjustment to stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 953–961CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brashers, D. E., Neidig, J. L., & Goldsmith, D. J. (in press). Social support and the management of uncertainty for people living with HIV or AIDS. Health Communication
Broadhead, W. E., Kaplan, B. H., James, S. A., Wagner, E. H., Schoenbach, V. S., Grimson, R., et al. (1983). The epidemiologic evidence for a relationship between social support and health. American Journal of Epidemiology, 117, 521–537CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Buhrmeister, D., Furman, W., Wittenberg, M. T., & Reis, H. T. (1988). Five domains of interpersonal competence in peer relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 991–1008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burleson, B. R. (1994). Comforting messages: Significance, approaches, and effects. In B. R. Burleson, T. L. Albrecht, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Communication of social support: Messages, interactions, relationships, and community (pp. 3–28). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Burleson, B. R. (2003). Emotional support skill. In J. O. Greene & B. R. Burleson (Eds.), Handbook of communication and social interaction skills (pp. 551–594). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
Burleson, B. R., Albrecht, T. L., Sarason, I. G., & Goldsmith, D. J. (1994). Introduction: The communication of social support. In B. R. Burleson, T. L. Albrecht, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Communication of social support: Messages, interactions, relationships, and community (pp. ⅺ–ⅹⅹⅹ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Burleson, B. R. & Goldsmith, D. J. (1998). How comforting messages work: Some mechanisms through which messages may alleviate emotional distress. In P. A. Anderson & L. K. Guerrero (Eds.), Handbook of communication and emotion: Research, theory, applications, and contexts (pp. 245–280). Orlando, FL: Academic Press
Burleson, B. R., & MacGeorge, E. (2002). Supportive communication. In M. L. Knapp & J. A. Daly (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal communication (3rd ed., pp. 374–424). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Burleson, B. R., & Samter, W. (1985). Consistencies in theoretical and naive evaluations of comforting messages. Communication Monographs, 52, 103–123CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buttny, R. (1996). Clients' and therapist's joint construction of the clients' problems. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 29, 125–153CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buunk, B. P., & Hoorens, V. (1992). Social support and stress: The role of social comparison and social exchange processes. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31, 445–457CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caplan, S. E., & Samter, W. (1999). The role of facework in younger and older adults' evaluations of social support messages. Communication Quarterly, 47, 245–264CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carbaugh, D. (1988). Talking American: Cultural discourses on Donahue. Norwood, NJ: Ablex
Carels, R. A., & Baucom, D. H. (1999). Support in marriage: Factors associated with on-line perceptions of support helpfulness. Journal of Family Psychology, 13, 131–144CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carkhuff, R. R. (1969). Helping and human relations. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston
Cassel, J. (1976). The contribution of the social environment to host resistance. American Journal of Epidemiology, 104, 107–123CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cauce, A. M. (1986). Social networks and social competence: Exploring the effects of early adolescent friendships. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 607–628CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caughlin, J. P. (2003). Family communication standards: What counts as excellent family communication and how are such standards associated with family satisfaction?Human Communication Research, 29, 5–40Google Scholar
Chesler, M. A., & Barbarin, O. A. (1984). Dilemmas of providing help in a crisis: The role of friends with parents of children with cancer. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 47–63Google Scholar
Cheuk, W. H., Swearse, B., Wong, K. W., & Rosen, S. (1998). The linkage between spurned help and burnout among practicing nurses. Current Psychology, 17, 188–196CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, M. S. (1983). Some implications of close social bonds for help-seeking. In B. M. DePaulo, A. Nadler, & J. D. Fisher (Eds.), New directions in helping: Vol. 2. Help seeking (pp. 205–229). New York: Academic Press
Clark, R. A., & Delia, J. G. (1979). Topoi and rhetorical competence. The Quarterly Journal of Speech, 65, 187–206CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, R. A., Pierce, A. J., Finn, K., Hsu, K., Toolsey, A., & Williams, L. (1997, May). The impact of alternative comforting messages, closeness of relationship, and gender on multiple measures of effectiveness. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Montreal, Quebec
Clark, S. L., & Stephens, M. A. P. (1996). Stroke patients' well-being as a function of caregiving spouse's helpful and unhelpful actions. Personal Relationships, 3, 171–184CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38, 300–314CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, S. (1988). Psychosocial models of the role of social support in the etiology of physical disease. Health Psychology, 7, 269–297CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, S., Gottlieb, B. H., & Underwood, L. G. (2000). Social relationships and health. In S. Cohen, L. G. Underwood, & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 3–25). Oxford University PressCrossRef
Cohen, S., & Hoberman, H. M. (1983). Positive events and social supports as buffers of life change stress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 13, 99–125CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, S., & McKay, G. (1984). Social support, stress and the buffering hypothesis: A theoretical analysis. In A. Baum, S. E. Taylor, & J. E. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of psychology and health: Vol. IV. Social psychological aspects of health (pp. 253–267). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310–357CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2000). A safe haven: An attachment theory perspective on support seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 1053–1073CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Colvin, C. R., & Block, J. (1994). Do positive illusions foster mental health? An examination of the Taylor and Brown formulation. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 3–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colvin, C. R., Block, J., & Funder, D. C. (1995). Overly positive self-evaluations and personality: Negative implications for mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1224–1236Google Scholar
Cooper, M. L. (1986). The role of supportive transactions and perceived functional support as stress buffers. Unpublished dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz
Coriell, M., & Cohen, S. (1995). Concordance in the face of a stressful event: When do members of a dyad agree that one person supported the other?Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 289–299CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coupland, J. (2000). Small talk. Harlow, England: Longman
Coupland, N., Coupland, J., & Giles, H. (1991). Language, society, and the elderly: Discourse, identity, and aging. Oxford, UK: Blackwell
Coyne, J. C., Aldwin, C., & Lazarus, R. S. (1981). Depression and coping in stressful episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 439–447CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coyne, J. C., & DeLongis, A. (1986). Going beyond social support: The role of social relationships in adaptation. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 54, 454–460CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coyne, J. C., Ellard, J. H., & Smith, D. (1990). Social support, interdependence, and the dilemmas of helping. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 129–149). New York: Wiley
Coyne, J. C., & Fiske, V. (1992). Couples coping with chronic and catastrophic illness. In T. J. Akamatsu, M. A. P. Stephens, S. E. Hobfoll, & J. H. Crowther (Eds.), Family health psychology (pp. 129–149). Washington, DC: Hemisphere
Coyne, J. C., & Gottlieb, B. H. (1996). The mismeasure of coping by checklist. Journal of Personality, 64, 959–991CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coyne, J. C., & Smith, D. A. F. (1994). Couples coping with a myocardial infarction: Contextual perspective on patient self-efficacy. Journal of Family Psychology, 8, 43–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coyne, J. C., Wortman, C. B., & Lehman, D. R. (1988). The other side of support: Emotional overinvolvement and miscarried helping. In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.), Marshaling social support; Formats, processes, and effects (pp. 305–330). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Cramer, D. (1987). Self-esteem, advice-giving, and the facilitative nature of close personal relationships. Person-centered Review, 2, 99–110Google Scholar
Cramer, D. (1990). Helpful actions of close friends to personal problems and distress. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 18, 281–293CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cummins, R. C. (1988). Perceptions of social support, receipt of supportive behaviors, and locus of control as moderators of chronic stress. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16, 685–700CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cutrona, C. E. (1986). Objective determinants of perceived social support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 349–355CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cutrona, C. E. (1990). Stress and social support – In search of optimal matching. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, 3–14CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cutrona, C. E. (1996a). Social support as a determinant of marital quality. In G. R. Pierce, B. R. Sarason, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Handbook of social support and the family (pp. 173–194). New York: Plenum
Cutrona, C. E. (1996b). Social support in couples. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Cutrona, C. E., Cole, V., Colangelo, N., Assouline, S. G., & Russell, D. W. (1994). Perceived parental social support and academic achievement: An attachment theory perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 396–378Google Scholar
Cutrona, C. E., & Russell, D. W. (1990). Type of social support and specific stress: Toward a theory of optimal matching. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 319–366). New York: Wiley
Cutrona, C. E., & Suhr, J. A. (1992). Controllability of stressful events and satisfaction with spouse support behaviors. Communication Research, 19, 154–174CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cutrona, C. E., & Suhr, J. A. (1994). Social support communication in the context of marriage: An analysis of couples' supportive interactions. In B. R. Burleson, T. L. Albrecht, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Communication of social support: Messages, interactions, relationships, and community (pp. 113–135). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Cutrona, C. E., Suhr, J. A., & MacFarlane, R. (1990). Interpersonal transactions and the psychological sense of support. In S. Duck with R. Cohen-Silver (Eds.), Personal relationships and social support (pp. 30–45). London: Sage
Dainton, M., & Stafford, L. (1993). Routine maintenance behaviors: A comparison of relationship type, partner similarity, and sex differences. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, 255–271CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dakof, G. A., & Taylor, S. E. (1990). Victim's perceptions of social support: What is helpful from whom?Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 80–89CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danish, S. J., & D'Augelli, A. R. (1976). Rationale and implementation of a training program for paraprofessionals. Professional Psychology, 7, 38–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D'Augelli, A. R., & Levy, M. (1978). The verbal helping skills of trained and untrained human service paraprofessionals. American Journal of Community Psychology, 6, 23–31CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D'Augelli, A. R., & Vallance, T. R. (1982). The helping community: Issues in the evaluation of a preventive intervention to promote informal helping. Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 199–2093.0.CO;2-A>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D'Augelli, A. R., Vallance, T. R., Danish, S. J., Young, C. E., & Gerdes, J. L. (1981). The community helpers project: A description of a prevention strategy for rural communities. Journal of Prevention, 1, 209–224CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidowitz, M., & Myrick, R. D. (1984). Responding to the bereaved: An analysis of “helping” statements. Death Education, 8, 1–10CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, R. C., & Brickman, E. (1996). Supportive and unsupportive aspects of the behavior of others toward victims of sexual and nonsexual assault. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 11, 250–262CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, A., Kolody, B., Wood, P., & Ensel, W. M. (1989). The effects of types of social support from adult children on depression in elderly persons. American Journal of Community Psychology, 17, 341–3553.0.CO;2-4>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dehle, C., Larsen, D., & Landers, J. E. (2001). Social support in marriage. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 29, 307–324CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DePaulo, B. M. (1982). Social psychological processes in informal help-seeking. In T. A. Wills (Ed.), Basic processes in helping relationships (pp. 255–279). New York: Academic Press
DePaulo, B. M., & Fisher, J. D. (1980). The costs of asking for help. Basic and Applied Psychology, 1, 23–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Depner, C. E., Wethington, E., & Ingersoll-Dayton, B. (1984). Social support: Methodological issues in design and measurement. Journal of Social Issues, 40, 37–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeRidder, D., & Schreurs, K. (1996). Coping, social support and chronic disease: A research agenda. Psychology, Health, & Medicine, 1, 71–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiMatteo, M. R., & Hays, R. (1981). Social support and serious illness. In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.), Social networks and social support (pp. 117–148). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
Doeglas, D., Suurmeijur, T., Briancon, S., Moum, T., Krol, B., Bjelle, E., et al. (1996). An international study on measuring social support: Interactions and satisfaction. Social Science and Medicine, 43, 1389–1397CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duck, S., Rutt, D. J., Hurst, M. H., & Strejc, H. (1991). Some evident truths about conversations in everyday relationships: All communications are not created equal. Human Communication Research, 18, 228–267CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunkel-Schetter, C. (1984). Social support and cancer: Findings based on patient interviews and their implications. Journal of Social Issues, 40, 77–98CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunkel-Schetter, C., & Bennett, T. L. (1990). Differentiating the cognitive and behavioral aspects of social support. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 267–296). New York: Wiley
Dunkel-Schetter, C., Blasband, D., Feinstein, L., & Herbert, T. (1992). Elements of supportive interactions: When are attempts to help effective? In S. Spacapan & S. Oskamp (Eds.), Helping and being helped: Naturalistic studies (pp. 83–114). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Dunkel-Schetter, C., & Wortman, C. B. (1982). The interpersonal dynamics of cancer: Problems in social relationships and their impact on the patient. In H. S. Friedman & M. R. DiMatteo (Eds.), Interpersonal issues in health care (pp. 69–100). New York: Academic Press
Duranti, A., & Goodwin, C. (1992). Rethinking context: Language as interactive phenomenon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Eckenrode, J., & Wethington, E. (1990). The process and outcome of mobilizing support. In S. Duck with R. Cohen-Silver (Eds.), Personal relationships and social support (pp. 83–103). London: Sage
Emmons, R. A., & Colby, P. M. (1995). Emotional conflict and well-being: Relation to perceived availability, daily utilization, and observer reports of social support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 947–959CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Erickson, R. J. (1993). Reconceptualizing family work: The effect of emotion work on perceptions of marital quality. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 888–900CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenlason, K. J., & Beehr, T. A. (1994). Social support and occupational stress: Effects of talking to others. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 157–175CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fiore, J., Becker, J., & Coppel, B. (1983). Social network interactions: A buffer or a stress. American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 432–440CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fiore, M. C., Bailey, W. C., Cohen, S. J., Dorfman, S. F., Fox, B. J., Goldstein, M. J., et al. (2000). A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence: A US public health service report. Journal of the American Medical Association, 283, 3244–3254Google Scholar
Fisher, J. D., Goff, B. A., Nadler, A., & Chinsky, J. M. (1988). Social psychological influences on help seeking and support from peers. In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.), Marshaling social support (pp. 267–304). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Fitch, K. (1998). Speaking relationally: Culture, communication, and interpersonal connection. New York: Guilford
Folkman, S. (1984). Personal control and stress and coping processes: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 839–852CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 150–170CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ford, E. S., Ahluwalia, I. B., & Galuska, D. A. (2000). Social relationships and cardiovascular disease risk factors: Findings from the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Preventive Medicine, 30, 83–92CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ford, L. A., & Ellis, B. H. (1998). A preliminary analysis of memorable support and nonsupport messages received by nurses in acute care settings. Health Communication, 10, 37–63CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forgas, J. P. (1979). Social episodes: The study of interaction routines. New York: Academic Press
Frazier, P. A., Tix, A. P., & Barnett, C. L. (2003). The relational context of social support: Relationship satisfaction moderates the relations between enacted support and distress. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1133–1146CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garbarino, J., & Kostelny, K. (1997). Coping with the consequences of community violence. In A. P. Goldstein & J. C. Conoley (Eds.), School violence intervention: A practical handbook (pp. 366–387). New York: Guilford Press
Gignac, M. A. M., & Gottlieb, B. H. (1996). Caregivers' appraisals of efficacy in coping with dementia. Psychology and Aging, 11, 214–225CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glidewell, J. C., Tucker, S., Todt, M., & Cox, S. (1983). Professional support systems: The teaching profession. In A. Nadler, J. D. Fisher, & B. M. DePaulo (Eds.), New directions in helping: Vol. 3. Applied perspectives on help-seeking and receiving (pp. 189–212). New York: Academic Press
Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction ritual. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books
Goldsmith, D. (1988). To talk or not to talk: The flow of information between romantic dyads and members of their communication networks. Unpublished master's thesis. University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Goldsmith, D. (1992). Managing conflicting goals in supportive interaction: An integrative theoretical framework. Communication Research, 19, 264–286CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J. (1993, November). Considering culture in interpersonal communication theory. Paper presented at the meeting of the Speech Communication Association, Miami, FL
Goldsmith, D. J. (1994a, July). Messages that define situations: An alternative to matching models of supportive communication. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Communication Association, Sydney, Australia
Goldsmith, D. J. (1994b). The role of face work in supportive communication. In B. R. Burleson, T. L. Albrecht, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), The communication of support: Messages, interactions, relationships, and community (pp. 29–49). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Goldsmith, D. J. (1995). Commentary on Barbee & Cunningham: The communicative microdynamics of support. In B. R. Burleson (Ed.), Communication yearbook 18 (pp. 414–433). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Goldsmith, D. J. (1999). Content-based resources for giving face-sensitive advice in troubles talk episodes. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 32, 303–336CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J. (2000). Soliciting advice: The role of sequential placement in mitigating face threat. Communication Monographs, 67, 1–19CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J. (2001). A normative approach to the study of uncertainty and communication. Journal of Communication, 51, 514–533CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J. (in press). Politeness theory. In B. Whaley & W. Samter (Eds.), Explaining communication: Contemporary theories and exemplars. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
Goldsmith, D. J., & Baxter, L. A. (1996). Constituting relationships in talk: A taxonomy of speech events in social and personal relationships. Human Communication Research, 23, 87–114CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J., & Dun, S. (1997). Sex differences in the provision of support. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 14, 317–337CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J., & Fitch, K. (1997). The normative context of advice as social support. Human Communication Research, 23, 454–476CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J., & Fulfs, P. A. (1999). “You just don't have the evidence”: An analysis of claims and evidence in Deborah Tannen's You Just Don't Understand. In M. E. Roloff (Ed.), Communication yearbook 22 (pp. 1–49). Thousand Oaks, CA: SageCrossRef
Goldsmith, D. J., & Leslie, K. B. (2001, November). Negotiating identity and relationship during recovery from a coronary incident. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Communication Association, Atlanta, GA
Goldsmith, D. J., & MacGeorge, E. L. (2000). The impact of politeness and relationship on perceived quality of advice about a problem. Human Communication Research, 26, 234–263CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J., & McDermott, V. M. (1997, November). Helpful, supportive, and sensitive: Interpreting outcomes of social support in personal relationships. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Communication Association, Chicago, IL
Goldsmith, D. J., & McDermott, V. M. (1998, November). Identifying “troubles talk” in conversations of close relational partners. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Communication Association, New York, NY
Goldsmith, D. J., & McDermott, V. M. (2000, November). The discursive negotiation of social support in troubles talk conversations. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Communication Association, Seattle, WA
Goldsmith, D. J., McDermott, V. M., & Alexander, S. C. (2000). Helpful, supportive, and sensitive: Measuring the evaluation of enacted social support in personal relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17, 369–391CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gore, S., & Aseltine, R. H. (1995). Protective processes in adolescence: Matching stressors with social resources. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 301–327CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottlieb, B. H. (1974). Re-examining the preventive potential of mental health consultation. Canada's Mental Health, 22, 4–6Google Scholar
Gottlieb, B. H. (1978). The development and application of a classification scheme of informal helping behaviors. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 10, 105–115CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottlieb, B. H. (1985a). Social support and community mental health. In S. Cohen & L. S. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 303–326). New York: Academic Press
Gottlieb, B. H. (1985b). Social support and the study of personal relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2, 351–375CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottlieb, B. (1985c). Theory into practice: Issues that surface in planning interventions which mobilize support. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 417–437). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff
Gottlieb, B. H. (1992). Quandaries in translating support concepts to intervention. In H. O. F. Veiel & U. Baumann (Eds.), The meaning and measurement of social support (pp. 293–309). New York: Hemisphere
Gottlieb, B. H. (1996). Theories and practices of mobilizing support in stressful circumstances. In G. L. Cooper (Ed.), Handbook of stress, medicine, and health (pp. 339–356). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
Gottlieb, B. H., & Gignac, M. A. M. (1996). Content and domain specificity of coping among family caregivers of persons with dementia. Journal of Aging Studies, 10, 137–155CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottlieb, B. H., & Wagner, F. (1991). Stress and support processes in close relationships. In J. Eckenrode (Ed.), The social context of coping (pp. 165–188). New York: PlenumCrossRef
Grant, D. A. (1990). Person–environment fit and stressor-support specificity models of the stress-buffering hypothesis. Unpublished dissertation, York University, North York, Ontario
Greenberg, M. S., & Shapiro, S. P. (1971). Indebtedness: An adverse aspect of asking for and receiving help. Sociometry, 34, 290–301CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenglass, E., Fiksenbaum, L., & Burke, R. J. (1996). Components of social support, buffering effects and burnout: Implications for psychological functioning. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping: An International Journal, 9, 185–197CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, A., Wallston, B. S., & Piliavin, I. M. (1979). Reactance, attribution, equity, and the help recipient. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 9, 297–313CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gurowka, K. M., & Lightman, E. S. (1995). Supportive and unsupportive interactions as perceived by cancer patients. Social Work in Health Care, 21, 71–88CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gurung, R. A. R., Sarason, B. R., & Sarason, I. G. (1997). Personal characteristics, relationship quality, and social support perceptions and behavior in young adult romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 4, 319–339CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harre, R., & Secord, P. F. (1972). The explanation of social behavior. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell
Harris, T. O. (1992). Some reflections on the process of social support and nature of unsupportive behaviors. In H. O. F. Veiel & U. Baumann (Eds.), The meaning and measurement of social support (pp. 171–190). New York: Hemisphere
Hatfield, E., Utne, M. K., & Traupmann, J. (1979). Equity theory and intimate relationships. In R. L. Burgess & T. L. Huston (Eds.), Social exchange in developing relationships (pp. 99–133). New York: Academic PressCrossRef
Hays, R. B., Magee, R. H., & Chauncey, S. (1994). Identifying helpful and unhelpful behaviours of loved ones: The PWA's perspective. AIDS Care, 6, 379–392CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helgeson, V. S. (1993). Two important distinctions in social support: Kind of support and perceived versus received. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 825–845CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heller, K., & Rook, K. S. (1997). Distinguishing the theoretical functions of social ties: Implications for support interventions. In S. Duck (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships (2nd ed., pp. 649–670). New York: Wiley
Heller, K., & Rook, K. S. (2001). Distinguishing the theoretical functions of social ties: Implications for support interventions. In B. R. Sarason & S. Duck (Eds.), Personal relationships: Implications for clinical and community psychology (pp. 119–139). Chichester, UK: Wiley
Heller, K., & Swindle, R. W. (1983). Social networks, perceived social support and coping with stress. In R. D. Felner, L. A. Jason, J. Moritsugu, & S. S. Farber (Eds.), Preventive psychology: Theory, research, and practice in community intervention (pp. 87–103). New York: Pergamon
Heller, K., Swindle, R. W., & Dusenbury, L. (1986). Component social support processes: Comments and integration. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 466–470CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, M., & Argyle, M. (1985). Source and nature of social support given to women at divorce/separation. British Journal of Social Work, 15, 57–65Google Scholar
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513–524CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobfoll, S. E., Nadler, A., & Leiberman, J. (1986). Satisfaction with social support during crisis: Intimacy and self-esteem as critical determinants. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 296–304CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobfoll, S. E., & Stokes, J. P. (1988). The process and mechanics of social support. In S. W. Duck (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships (pp. 497–517). London: Wiley
Holahan, C. J., Moos, R. H., & Bonin, L. (1997). Social support, coping, and psychological adjustment: A resources model. In G. R. Pierce, B. Lakey, I. G. Sarason, & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Sourcebook of social support and personality (pp. 169–186). New York: PlenumCrossRef
Holahan, C. J., Moos, R. H., Holahan, C. K., & Brennan, P. L. (1997). Social context, coping strategies and depressive symptoms: An expanded model with cardiac patients. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 918–928CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horowitz, L. M., Krasnoperova, E. N., Tatar, D. G., Hansen, M. B., Person, E. A., Galvin, K. L., et al. (2001). The way to console may depend on the goal: Experimental studies of social support. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 49–61CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hosley, C. A. (1999). Social support in parent-adolescent relationships: Variation in support provision and the impact of support on adolescent psychological health. Unpublished dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
House, J. S., & Kahn, R. L. (1985). Measures and concepts of social support. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 83–108). Orlando, FL: Academic Press
House, J. S., Landis, K. R., & Umberson, D. (1988). Social relationships and health. Science, 241, 540–544CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
House, J. S., Umberson, D., & Landis, K. R. (1988). Structures and processes of social support. Annual Review of Sociology, 14, 293–318CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hummert, M. L., & Ryan, E. B. (2001). Patronizing. In W. P. Robinson & H. Giles (Eds.), The new handbook of language and social psychology (pp. 253–269). London: Wiley
Husaini, B. A., Neff, J. A., Newbrough, J. R., & Moore, M. (1982). The stress-buffering role of social support and personal competence among the rural married. Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 409–4263.0.CO;2-D>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huston, T. L., McHale, S. M., & Crouter, A. C. (1986). When the honeymoon's over: Changes in the marriage relationship over the first year. In R. Gilmour & S. Duck (Eds.), The emerging field of personal relationships (pp. 109–131). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Hymes, D. (1972). Models of the interaction of language and social life. In J. Gumperz & D. Hymes (Eds.), Directions in socio-linguistics: The ethnography of communication (pp. 35–71). New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston
Ingram, K. M., Betz, N. E., Mindes, E. J., Schmitt, M. M., & Smith, N. G. (2001). Unsupportive responses from others concerning a stressful life event: Development of the unsupportive social interactions inventory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 20, 173–207CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobson, D. E. (1986). Types and timing of social support. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 27, 250–264CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jefferson, G. (1980). On “trouble-premonitory” response to inquiry. Sociological Inquiry, 50, 153–185CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jefferson, G. (1984a). On stepwise transition from talk about a trouble to inappropriately next-positioned matters. In J. M. Atkinson & J. Heritage (Eds.), Structures of social action: Studies in conversation analysis (pp. 191–222). Cambridge University Press
Jefferson, G. (1984b). On the organization of laughter in talk about troubles. In J. M. Atkinson & J. Heritage (Eds.), Structures of social action: Studies in conversation analysis (pp. 346–367). Cambridge University Press
Jefferson, G. (1988). On the sequential organization of troubles talk in ordinary conversation. Social Problems, 35, 418–441CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jefferson, G., & Lee, J. R. E. (1992). The rejection of advice: Managing the problematic convergence of a “troubles telling” and a “service encounter.” In P. Drew & J. Heritage (Eds.), Talk at work: Interaction in institutional settings (pp. 521–548). Cambridge University Press
Jones, S. M., & Burleson, B. R. (1997, May). The impact of situational variables on the perception of comforting messages. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Montreal, Quebec
Jung, J. (1989). Social support rejection and reappraisal by providers and recipients. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 19, 159–173CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaniasty, K., & Norris, F. H. (1992). Social support and victims of crime: Matching event, support, and outcome. American Journal of Community Psychology, 20, 211–241CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katriel, T. (1991). Communal webs: Communication and culture in contemporary Israel. Albany: State University of New York Press
Kessler, R. C., & McLeod, J. D. (1985). Social support and mental health in community samples. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 219–240). New York: Academic Press
Kitson, G. C., & Holmes, W. M. (1992). Portrait of divorce: Adjustment to marital breakdown. New York: Guilford Press
Kliewer, W., Lepore, S. J., Oskin, D., & Johnson, P. D. (1998). The role of social and cognitive processes in children's adjustment to community violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 199–209CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knapp, M. L., Stohl, C., & Reardon, K. (1981). “Memorable” messages. Journal of Communication, 31, 27–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krause, N. (1986). Social support, stress, and well-being among older adults. Journal of Gerontology, 41, 512–519CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krause, N. (1987). Chronic financial strain, social support, and depressive symptoms among older adults. Psychology and Aging, 2, 185–192CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LaGreca, A. M., & Bearman, K. J. (2002). The diabetes social support questionnaire-family version: Evaluating adolescents' diabetes specific support from family members. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27, 665–676CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laireiter, A. R., Baumann, U., Perkonigg, A., & Himmelbauer, S. (1997). Social support resources in interpersonal relationships (social networks) during stressful life conditions: Results from two pilot studies. Revue Europeenne de Psychologie Appliquee, 47, 123–128Google Scholar
Lakey, B., Adams, K., Neely, L., Rhodes, G., Lutz, C. J., & Sielky, K. (2002). Perceived support and low emotional distress: The role of enacted support, dyad similarity, and provider personality. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1546–1555CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakey, B., & Cassady, P. (1990). Cognitive processes in perceived social support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 337–343CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakey, B., & Drew, J. B. (1997). A social-cognitive perspective on social support. In G. R. Pierce, B. Lakey, I. G. Sarason, & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Sourcebook of social support and personality (pp. 107–140). New York: PlenumCrossRef
Lakey, B., Drew, J. B., & Sirl, K. (1999). Clinical depression and perceptions of supportive others: A generalizability analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23, 511–533CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakey, B., McCabe, K., Fisicaro, S. A., & Drew, J. B. (1996). Environmental and personal determinants of support perceptions: Three generalizability studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1270–1280CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lakey, B., Moineau, S., & Drew, J. B. (1992). Perceived social support and individual differences in the interpretation and recall of supportive behaviors. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 11, 336–348CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakey, B., Ross, L. T., Butler, C., & Bentley, K. (1996). Making social support judgments: The role of similarity and conscientiousness. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 15, 283–304CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lam, J. A., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2000). Correlates of improvement in quality of life among homeless persons with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 51, 116–118CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lanza, A. F., Cameron, A. E., & Revenson, T. A. (1995). Perceptions of helpful and unhelpful support among married individuals with rheumatic diseases. Psychology and Health, 10, 449–462CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LaRocco, J. R., House, J. S., & French, J. R. P. (1980). Social support, occupational stress, and health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 202–218CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer-Verlag
Leatham, G., & Duck, S. (1990). Conversations with friends and the dynamics of social support. In S. Duck with R. Cohen-Silver (Eds.), Personal relationships and social support (pp. 1–29). London: Sage
Lee, F. (1997). When the going gets tough, do the tough ask for help? Help seeking and power motivation in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 72, 336–363CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lehman, D. R., Ellard, J. H., & Wortman, C. B. (1986). Social support for the bereaved: Recipients' and providers' perspectives on what is helpful. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 438–446CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehman, D. R., & Hemphill, K. J. (1990). Recipients' perceptions of support attempts and attributions for support attempts that fail. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, 563–574CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leppin, A., & Schwarzer, R. (1990). Social support and physical health: An updated meta-analysis. In L. R. Schmidt, P. Schwenkmezger, J. Weinman, & S. Maes (Eds.), Theoretical and applied aspects of health psychology (pp. 185–202). London: Harwood
Lesser, E. K., & Comet, J. J. (1987). Help and hindrance: Parents of divorcing children. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 13, 197–202CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levinson, S. C. (1995). Interactional biases in human thinking. In E. N. Goody (Ed.), Social intelligence and interaction (pp. 221–260). Cambridge: Cambridge University PressCrossRef
Liang, J., Krause, N. M., & Bennett, J. M. (2001). Social exchange and well-being: Is giving better than receiving?Psychology and Aging, 16, 511–523CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lieberman, M. A. (1986). Social supports – the consequences of psychologizing: A commentary. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 461–465CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lim, V. K. G. (1996). Job insecurity and its outcomes: Moderating effects of work-based and nonwork-based social support. Human Relations, 49, 171–194CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, N., Woefel, M. W., & Light, S. C. (1985). The buffering effect of social support subsequent to an important life event. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 26, 247–263CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Littrell, P. C., Billingsley, B. S., & Cross, L. H. (1994). The effects of principal support on special and general educators' stress, job satisfaction, school commitment, health, and intent to stay in teaching. Rase: Remedial & Special Education, 15, 297–310Google Scholar
Luckmann, T. (1995). Interaction planning and intersubjective adjustment of perspectives by communicative genres. In E. N. Goody (Ed.), Social intelligence and interaction (pp. 175–186). Cambridge: Cambridge University PressCrossRef
Lydon, J. E., & Zanna, M. P. (1992). The cost of social support following negative life events: Can adversity increase commitment to caring in close relationships? In L. Montada, S. H. Filipp, & M. J. Lerner (Eds.), Life crises and experiences of loss in adulthood (pp. 461–475). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Lyons, R. G., Mickelson, K. D., Sullivan, M. J., & Coyne, J. C. (1998). Coping as a communal process. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 579–605CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, X., & Kishor, N. (1997). Attitude toward self, social factors, and achievement in mathematics: A meta-analytic review. Educational Psychology Review, 9, 89–120CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacGeorge, E. L., Lichtman, R. M., & Pressey, L. C. (2002). The evaluation of advice in supportive interactions. Human Communication Research, 28, 451–463CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malkinson, R. (1987). Helping and being helped: The support paradox. Death Studies, 11, 205–219CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mallinckrodt, B. (2000). Attachment, social competencies, social support, and interpersonal process in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 10, 239–266CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mankowski, E. S., & Wyer, R. S. (1996). Cognitive processes in perceptions of social support. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 894–905CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manne, S., & Schnoll, R. (2001). Measuring supportive and unsupportive responses during cancer treatment: A factor analytic assessment of the partner responses to cancer inventory. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 297–321CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manne, S. L., & Zautra, A. J. (1989). Spouse criticism and support: Their association with coping and psychological adjustment among women with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 608–617CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, R., Davis, G. M., Baron, R. S., Suls, J., & Blanchard, E. B. (1994). Specificity in social support: Perceptions of helpful and unhelpful provider behaviors among irritable bowel syndrome, headache, and cancer patients. Health Psychology, 13, 432–439CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCaskill, J. W., & Lakey, B. (2000). Perceived support, social undermining, and emotion: Idiosyncratic and shared perspectives of adolescents and their families. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 820–832CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLeroy, K. R., Devellis, R., Devellis, B., Kaplan, B., & Toole, J. (1984). Social support and physical recovery in a stroke population. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 1, 395–413CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metts, S., Backhaus, S., & Kazoleas, D. (1995, February). Social support as problematic communication. Paper presented at the meeting of the Western States Communication Association, Portland, OR
Meyerowitz, B. E., Levin, K., & Harvey, J. H. (1997). On the nature of cancer patients' social interactions. Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss, 2, 49–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mikulincer, M., & Florian, V. (1997). Are emotional and instrumental supportive interactions beneficial in times of stress? The impact of attachment style. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 10, 109–127CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, P. J., & Goodnow, J. J. (1995). Cultural practices: Toward an integration of culture and development. In J. J. Goodnow, P. J. Miller, & F. Kessel (Eds.), Cultural practices as contexts for development (pp. 5–16). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-BassCrossRef
Moncher, F. J. (1995). Social isolation and child-abuse risk. Families in Society, 76, 421–433Google Scholar
Neuling, S. J., & Winefield, H. R. (1988). Social support and recovery after surgery for breast cancer: Frequency and correlates of supportive behaviors by family, friends, and surgeon. Social Science and Medicine, 27, 385–392CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newsom, J. T. (1999). Another side to caregiving: Negative reactions to being helped. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 183–187CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Notarius, C. I., & Herrick, L. R. (1988). Listener response strategies to a distressed other. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 5, 97–108CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Brien, T. B., & DeLongis, A. (1997). Coping with chronic stress: An interpersonal perspective. In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.), Coping with chronic stress (pp. 161–190). New York: PlenumCrossRef
O'Keefe, B. J. (1988). The logic of message design: Individual differences in reasoning about communication. Communication Monographs, 55, 80–103CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keefe, B. J. (1990). The logic of regulative communication: Understanding the rationality of message designs. In J. P. Dillard (Ed.), Seeking compliance: The production of interpersonal influence messages (pp. 87–104). Scottsdale, AZ: Gorsuch Scarisbrick
O'Keefe, B. J. (1992). Developing and testing rational models of message design. Human Communication Research, 18, 637–649CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keefe, B. J., & Delia, J. G. (1988). Communicative tasks and communicative practices: The development of audience-centered message production. In B. A. Rafoth & D. L. Rubin (Eds.), The social construction of written communication (pp. 70–98). Norwood, NJ: Ablex
O'Keefe, B. J., & McCornack, S. A. (1987). Message design logic and message goal structure: Effects on perceptions of message quality in regulative communication situations. Human Communication Research, 14, 68–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keefe, B. J., & Shepherd, G. J. (1987). The pursuit of multiple objectives in face-to-face persuasive interactions: Effects of construct differentiation on message organization. Communication Monographs, 54, 396–419CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keefe, D. J. (1987, November). Message description. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Speech Communication Association, Boston, MA
O'Keefe, D. J. (1994). From strategy-based to feature-based analyses of compliance-gaining message classification and production. Communication Theory, 4, 61–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okun, M. A., Sandler, I. N., & Baumann, D. J. (1988). Buffer and booster effects as event-support transactions. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16, 435–449CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Reilly, P., & Thomas, H. E. (1989). Role of support networks in maintenance of improved cardiovascular health status. Social Science and Medicine, 28, 249–260CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pakenham, K. I. (1998). Specification of social support behaviors and network dimensions along the HIV continuum for gay men. Patient Education and Counseling, 34, 147–157CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pasch, L. A., & Bradbury, T. N. (1998). Social support, conflict, and the development of marital dysfunction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 219–230CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pasch, L. A., Bradbury, T. N., & Sullivan, K. T. (1997). Social support in marriage: An analysis of intraindividual and interpersonal components. In G. R. Pierce, B. Lakey, I. G. Sarason, & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Sourcebook of social support and personality (pp. 229–256). New York: PlenumCrossRef
Patterson, J. M., Garwick, A. W., Bennett, F. C., & Blum, R. W. (1997). Social support in families of children with chronic conditions: Supportive and nonsupportive behaviors. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 18, 13–21CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pearlin, L. I. (1985). Social structure and processes of social support. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 43–60). New York: Academic Press
Pearlin, L. I., & McCall, M. E. (1990). Occupational stress and marital support: A description of microprocesses. In J. Eckenrode & S. Gore (Eds.), Stress between work and family (pp. 39–60). New York: PlenumCrossRef
Peirce, R. S., Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1996). Financial stress, social support, and alcohol involvement: A longitudinal test of the buffering hypothesis in a general population survey. Health Psychology, 15, 38–47CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pennix, B. W. J. H., Tilburg, T., Deeg, D. J. H., Kriegsman, D. M. W., Boeke, J. P., & Eijk, J. T. M. (1997). Direct and buffer effects of social support and personal coping resources in individuals with arthritis. Social Science and Medicine, 44, 393–402CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petronio, S., Reeder, H. M., Hecht, M. L., & Ros-Mendoza, T. M. (1996). Disclosure of sexual abuse by children and adolescents. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 24, 181–199CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peyrot, M., McMurry, J. F., & Hedges, R. (1988). Marital adjustment to adult diabetes: Interpersonal congruence and spouse satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 363–376CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philipsen, G. (1992). Speaking culturally: Explorations in social communication. Albany: State University Press of New York
Picard, M., Lee, C. M., & Hunsley, J. (1997). Social supports received and desired: The experiences of recently divorced parents with their parents and parents-in-law. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 27, 57–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierce, G. R., Lakey, B., Sarason, I. G., Sarason, B. R., & Joseph, H. J. (1997). Personality and social support processes: A conceptual overview. In G. R. Pierce, B. Lakey, I. G. Sarason, & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Sourcebook of social support and personality (pp. 3–18). New York: PlenumCrossRef
Pierce, G. R., Sarason, B. R., & Sarason, I. G. (1992). General and specific support expectations and stress as predictors of perceived supportiveness: An experimental study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 297–307CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierce, G. R., Sarason, I. G., & Sarason, B. R. (1996). Coping and social support. In M. Zeidner & N. S. Endler (Eds.), Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications (pp. 434–451). New York: Wiley
Pistrang, N., & Barker, C. (1998). Partners and fellow patients: Two sources of emotional support for women with breast cancer. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26, 439–456CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pistrang, N., Barker, C., & Rutter, C. (1997). Social support as conversation: Analysing breast cancer patients' interactions with their partners. Social Science and Medicine, 45, 773–782CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pistrang, N., Clare, L., & Barker, C. (1999). The helping process in couples during recovery from heart attack: A single case study. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 72, 227–237CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pistrang, N., Picciotto, A., & Barker, C. (2001). The communication of empathy in couples during the transition to parenthood. Journal of Community Psychology, 29, 615–636CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pistrang, N., Solomons, W., & Barker, C. (1999). Peer support for women with breast cancer: The role of empathy and self-disclosure. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 9, 217–2293.0.CO;2-5>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pomerantz, A. (1984). Agreeing and disagreeing with assessments: Some features of preferred/dispreferred turn shapes. In J. M. Atkinson & J. Heritage (Eds.), Structures of social action: Studies in conversation analysis (pp. 57–101). Cambridge University Press
Power, M. J. (1988). Stress-buffering effects of social support: A longitudinal study. Motivation and Emotion, 12, 197–204CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ptacek, J. T., Pierce, G. R., Ptacek, J. J., & Nogel, C. (1999). Stress and coping processes in men with prostate cancer: The divergent views of husbands and wives. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 18, 299–324CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Range, L. M., Walston, A. S., & Pollard, P. M. (1992). Helpful and unhelpful comments after suicide, homicide, accident, or natural death. Omega, 25, 25–31Google Scholar
Rankin, S. H. (1992). Psychosocial adjustments of coronary artery disease patients and their spouses: Nursing implications. Nursing Clinics of North America, 27, 271–284Google ScholarPubMed
Ratcliff, K. S., & Bogdan, J. (1988). Unemployed women: When “social support” is not supportive. Social Problems, 35, 54–63CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rawlins, W. K. (1983). Openness as problematic in ongoing friendships: Two conversational dilemmas. Communication Monographs, 50, 1–13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ray, E. B. (1987). Supportive relationships and occupational stress in the workplace. In T. L. Albrecht & M. B. Adelman (Eds.), Communicating social support (pp. 172–191). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Reich, J. W., Zautra, A. J., & Manne, S. (1993). How perceived control and congruent spouse support affect rheumatoid arthritis patients. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 12, 148–163CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reis, H. T., & Collins, N. (2000). Measuring relationship properties and interactions relevant to social support. In S. Cohen, L. G. Underwood, & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 136–192). Oxford, UK: Oxford University PressCrossRef
Reisman, J. M., & Shorr, S. (1980). Developmental changes in friendship-related communication skills. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 36, 67–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reisman, J. M., & Yamokoski, T. (1974). Psychotherapy and friendship: An analysis of the communications of friends. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 21, 269–273CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Revenson, T. A., & Majerovitz, D. (1990). Spouses' support provision to chronically ill patients. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, 575–586CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, E. B., Elder, G. H., Skinner, M. L., & Conger, R. D. (1991). The costs and benefits of social support in families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 403–416CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 95–103CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Röhrle, B., & Sommer, G. (1994). Social support and social competencies: Some theoretical and empirical contributions to their relationship. In F. Nestmann & K. Hurrelmann (Eds.), Social networks and social support in childhood and adolescence (pp. 111–129). Berlin: Walter de GruyterCrossRef
Rook, K. S. (1990). Social relationships as a source of companionship: Implications for older adults' psychological well-being. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactive view (pp. 219–250). New York: Wiley
Rook, K., & Dooley, D. (1985). Applying social support research: Theoretical problems and future directions. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 5–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rook, K. S., & Underwood, L. G. (2000). Social support measurement and interventions: Comments and future directions. In S. Cohen, L. G. Underwood, & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 311–334). Oxford, UK: Oxford University PressCrossRef
Rosen, S., Mickler, S. E., & Collins, J. E. (1987). Reactions of would be helpers whose offer of help is spurned. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 288–297CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenberg, M. R. (1985). Social support: Mechanisms of action and stressor support specificity. Unpublished dissertation, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL
Rosenfeld, L. B., Richman, J. M., & Bowen, G. L. (2000). Social support networks and school outcomes: The centrality of the teacher. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 17, 205–226CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, R. E. (2003). Applying the social skills concept to discourse and conversation: The remediation of performance defects in talk-in-interaction. In J. O. Greene & B. R. Burleson (Eds.), Handbook of communication and social interaction skills (pp. 221–256). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
Sandler, I. N., & Barrera, M. Jr. (1984). Toward a multimethod approach to assessing the effects of social support. American Journal of Community Psychology, 12, 37–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandler, I. N., & Lakey, B. (1982). Locus of control as a stress moderator: The role of control perceptions and social support. American Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 65–80CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarason, B. R., Pierce, G. R., & Sarason, I. G. (1990). Social support: The sense of acceptance and the role of relationships. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactive view (pp. 97–128). New York: Wiley
Sarason, B. R., & Sarason, I. G. (1994). Assessment of social support. In S. A. Shumaker & S. M. Czajkowski (Eds.), Social support and cardiovascular disease (pp. 41–63). New York: PlenumCrossRef
Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., & Gurung, R. A. R. (1997). Close personal relationships and health outcomes: A key to the role of social support. In S. Duck (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships(2nd ed., pp. 547–573). New York: Wiley
Savelkoul, M., Post, M. W. M., Witte, L. P., & Borne, H. G. (2000). Social support, coping, and subjective well-being in patients with rheumatic diseases. Patient Education and Counseling, 39, 205–218CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaefer, C., Coyne, J. C., & Lazarus, R. S. (1981). The health related functions of social support. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 381–406CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schieman, S., & Turner, H. A. (2001). “When feeling other people's pain hurts”: The influence of psychosocial resources on the association between self-reported empathy and depressive symptoms. Social Psychology Quarterly, 64, 376–389CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schreurs, K. M. G., & DeRidder, D. T. D. (1997). Integration of coping and social support perspectives: Implications for the study of adaptation to chronic diseases. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 89–112CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwarzer, R., & Leppin, A. (1989). Social support and health: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Health: An International Journal, 3, 1–15CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwarzer, R., & Leppin, A. (1991). Social support and health: A theoretical and empirical overview. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, 99–127CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Searcy, E., & Eisenberg, N. (1992). Defensiveness in response to aid from a sibling. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 422–433CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seeman, T. E. (2000). Health promoting effects of friends and family on health outcomes in older adults. American Journal of Health Promotion, 14, 362–370CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Segrin, C., & Givertz, M. (2003). Methods of social skills training and development. In J. O. Greene & B. R. Burleson (Eds.), Handbook of communication and social interaction skills (pp. 135–176). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
Sher, T. G., & Baucom, D. H. (2001). Mending a broken heart: A couples approach to cardiac risk reduction. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 10, 125–133Google Scholar
Shinn, M., Lehmann, S., & Wong, N. W. (1984). Social interaction and social support. Journal of Social Issues, 40, 55–76CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shumaker, S. A., & Brownell, A. (1984). Toward a theory of social support: Closing conceptual gaps. Journal of Social Issues, 40, 11–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C. E., Fernengel, K., Holcroft, C., Gerald, K., & Marien, L. (1994). Meta-analysis of the associations between social support and health outcomes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 16, 352–362Google Scholar
Smith, J., & Goodnow, J. J. (1999). Unasked-for support and unsolicited advice: Age and the quality of social experience. Psychology and Aging, 14, 108–121CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snyder, C. R., & Higgins, R. L. (1988). Excuses: Their effective role in the negotiation of reality. Psychological Bulletin, 104, 23–35CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sprecher, S., Metts, S., Burleson, B., Hatfield, E., & Thompson, A. (1995). Domains of expressive interaction in intimate relationships: Associations with satisfaction and commitment. Family Relations, 44, 203–210CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stokes, J. P. (1983). Predicting satisfaction with social support from social network structure. American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 141–152CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swanson-Hyland, E. F. (1996). The influence of spousal social support on psychological and physical health among persons with type II diabetes mellitus: A test of the optimal matching model of social support. Unpublished dissertation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
Swindle, R., Heller, K., Pescosolido, B., & Kikuzawa, S. (2000). Responses to nervous breakdowns in America over a 40-year period. American Psychologist, 55, 740–749CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tannen, D. (1990). You just don't understand: Women and men in conversation. New York: Ballantine Books
Tannen, D. (1993). Framing in discourse. New York: Oxford University Press
Taylor, S. E., & Armor, D. A. (1996). Positive illusions and coping with adversity. Journal of Personality, 64, 873–898CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, S. E., Falke, R. L., Mazel, R. M., & Hilsberg, B. L. (1988). Sources of satisfaction and dissatisfaction among members of cancer support groups. In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.), Marshaling social support (pp. 187–208). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Taylor, S. E., Kemeny, M. E., Reed, G. M., Bower, J. E., & Gruenewald, T. L. (2000). Psychological resources, positive illusions, and health. American Psychologist, 55, 99–109CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thoits, P. A. (1985). Social support and psychological well-being: Theoretical possibilities. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research, and application (pp. 51–72). Dordrecht: Martinus NijhoffCrossRef
Thoits, P. A. (1986). Social support as coping assistance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 416–423CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thoits, P. A. (1995). Stress, coping, and social support processes: Where are we? What next? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Extra Issue, 53–79
Thompson, K. E., & Range, L. M. (1992). Bereavement following suicide and other deaths: Why support attempts fail. Omega, 26, 61–70Google Scholar
Tijhuis, M. A. R., Flap, H. D., Foets, M., & Groenewegen, P. P. (1995). Social support and stressful life events in two dimensions: Life events and illness as an event. Social Science & Medicine, 40, 1513–1526CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timmerman, I. H. G., Emanuels-Zuurveen, E. S., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2000). The Social Support Inventory (SSI): A brief scale to assess perceived adequacy of social support. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 7, 401–4103.0.CO;2-I>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tracy, K. (1989). Conversational dilemmas and the naturalistic experiment. In B. Dervin, L. Grossberg, B. J. O'Keefe, & E. Wartella (Eds.), Rethinking communication: Vol. 2. Paradigm exemplars (pp. 411–423). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Tracy, K. (1990). The many faces of face work. In H. Giles & W. P. Robinson (Eds.), Handbook of language and social psychology (pp. 209–226). New York: Wiley
Tracy, K. (1998). Analyzing context: Framing the discussion. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 31, 1–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tripathi, R., Caplan, R., & Naidu, R. (1986). Accepting advice: A modifier of social support's effect on well-being. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 3, 213–228CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tucker, M. B., & Johnson, O. (1989). Competence-promoting versus competence inhibiting social support for mentally retarded mothers. Human Organization, 48, 95–107CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uchino, B. N., Cacioppo, J. T., Malarkey, W., Glaser, R., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (1995). Appraisal support predicts age-related differences in cardiovascular function in women. Health Psychology, 14, 556–562CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uehara, E. S. (1995). Reciprocity reconsidered: Gouldner's ‘moral norm of reciprocity’ and social support. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 12, 483–502CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ugolini, K. A. (1998). The effects of social support type on psychosocial adjustment to low back pain: Testing the optimal matching model. Unpublished dissertation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
Umberson, D. (1987). Family status and health behaviors: Social control as a dimension of social integration. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 28, 306–319CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vachon, M. L. S., & Stylianos, S. K. (1988). The role of social support in bereavement. Journal of Social Issues, 44, 175–190CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vangelisti, A. L., Crumley, L. P., & Baker, J. L. (1999). Family portraits: Stories as standards for family relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 4, 203–219CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaux, A., & Harrison, D. (1985). Social network characteristics associated with support satisfaction and perceived support. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13, 245–267CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veiel, H. O. F. (1992). Some cautionary notes on buffer effects. In H. O. F. Veiel & U. Baumann (Eds.), The meaning and measurement of social support (pp. 273–289). New York: Hemisphere
Veroff, J., Douvan, E., & Kulka, R. A. (1981). The inner American: A self-portrait from 1957 to 1976. New York: Basic Books, Inc.
Vinokur, A., Schul, Y., & Caplan, R. D. (1987). Determinants of perceived social support: Interpersonal transactions, personal outlook, and transient affective states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1137–1145CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Viswesvaran, C., Sanchez, J. I., & Fisher, J. (1999). The role of social support in the process of work stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 314–334CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wade, C. K., Howell, F. M., & Wells, J. G. (1994). Turning to family, friends, or others: A model of social network usage during stressful events. Sociological Spectrum, 14, 385–407CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wade, T. D., & Kendler, K. S. (2000). Absence of interactions between social support and stressful life events in the prediction of major depressive symptomatology in women. Psychological Medicine, 30, 965–974CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallsten, S. M., Tweed, D. L., Blazer, D. G., & George, L. K. (1999). Disability and depressive symptoms in the elderly: The effects of instrumental support and its subjective appraisal. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 48, 145–159CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walster, E. G., Walster, W., & Berscheid, E. (1978). Equity: Theory and research. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon
Wan, C. K., Jaccard, J., & Ramey, S. L. (1996). The relationship between social support and life satisfaction as a function of family structure. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 502–513CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wellman, B., & Wortley, S. (1990). Different strokes from different folks: Community ties and social support. American Journal of Sociology, 96, 558–588CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenz-Gross, M., Siperstein, G. N., Untch, A. S., & Widaman, K. F. (1997). Stress, social support, and adjustment of adolescents in middle school. Journal of Early Adolescence, 17, 129–151CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werner, T. A., & Monsour, M. (1997). Resocialization of the bereaved via interpersonal communication techniques. Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss, 2, 345–366CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westman, M., & Vinokur, A. D. (1998). Unraveling the relationship of distress levels within couples: Common stressors, empathic reactions, or crossover via social interaction?Human Relations, 51, 137–156CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wethington, E., & Kessler, R. C. (1986). Perceived support, received support, and adjustment to stressful life events. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 27, 78–89CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wheaton, B. (1985). Models for the stress-buffering functions of coping resources. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 26, 352–364CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiesenfeld, A. R., & Weis, H. M. (1979). Hairdressers and helping: Influencing the behavior of informal caregivers. Professional Psychology, 10, 786–792CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilcox, B. L., & Vernberg, E. M. (1985). Conceptual and theoretical dilemmas facing social support research. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 3–20). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus NijhoffCrossRef
Wills, T. A. (1983). Social comparison in coping and help-seeking. In B. M. DePaulo, A. Nadler, & J. D. Fisher (Eds.), New directions in helping: Vol. 2. Help-seeking (pp. 109–141). New York: Academic Press
Wills, T. A. (1990). Multiple networks and substance use. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, 78–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wills, T. A. (1992). The helping process in the context of personal relationships. In S. Spacapan & S. Oskamp (Eds.), Helping and being helped: Naturalistic studies (pp. 17–48). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Wills, T. A., & Shinar, O. (2000). Measuring perceived and received social support. In S. Cohen, L. G. Underwood, & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 86–135). Oxford, UK: Oxford University PressCrossRef
Wilson, S. R., Aleman, C. B., & Leatham, G. B. (1998). Identity implications of influence goals: A revised analysis of face-threatening acts and application to seeking compliance with same-sex friends. Human Communication Research, 25, 64–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winemiller, D. R., Mitchell, M. E., Sutliff, J., & Cline, D. J. (1993). Measurement strategies in social support: A descriptive review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49, 638–6483.0.CO;2-7>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wortman, C. B., & Conway, T. (1985). The role of social support in adaptation and recovery from physical illness. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 281–302). New York: Academic Press
Wortman, C. B., & Dunkel-Schetter, C. (1979). Interpersonal relationships and cancer: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Social Issues, 35, 120–155CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yates, B. C. (1995). The relationships among social support and short-and long-term recovery outcomes in men with coronary heart disease. Research on Nursing and Health, 18, 193–203CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ybema, J. F., Kuijer, R. G., Buunk, B. P., DeJong, G. M., & Sanderman, R. (2001). Depression and perceptions of inequity among couples facing cancer. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 3–13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, C. E., Giles, D. E., & Plantz, M. C. (1982). Natural networks: Help-giving and help-seeking in two rural communities. American Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 457–469CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zich, J., & Temoshok, L. (1987). Perceptions of social support in men with AIDS and ARC: Relationships with distress and hardiness. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 17, 193–215CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abbey, A., Andrews, F. M., & Halman, L. J. (1995). The provision and receipt of social support and disregard: What is their impact on the marital life quality of infertile and fertile couples?Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 455–469CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abdel-Halim, A. A. (1982). Social support and managerial affective responses to job stress. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 3, 281–295CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abel, E. K. (1989). The ambiguities of social support: Adult daughters caring for frail elderly parents. Journal of Aging Studies, 3, 211–230CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acitelli, L. K. (1996). The neglected links between marital support and marital satisfaction. In G. R. Pierce, B. R. Sarason, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Handbook of social support and the family (pp. 83–103). New York: PlenumCrossRef
Albrecht, T. L., & Goldsmith, D. J. (2003). Social support, social networks, and health. In T. L. Thompson, A. M. Dorsey, K. I. Miller, & R. Parrott (Eds.), Handbook of health communication (pp. 263–284). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
Aldwin, C. M. (1994). Stress, coping, and development: An integrative perspective. New York: Guilford Press
Aneshensel, C. S., & Frerichs, R. R. (1982). Stress, support, and depression: A longitudinal causal model. Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 363–3763.0.CO;2-8>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antonucci, T. C. (1985). Personal characteristics, social networks, and social behavior. In R. H. Binstock & E. Shanas (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (2nd ed., pp. 94–128). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold
Antonucci, T. C., & Israel, B. (1986). Veridicality of social support: A comparison of principal and network members' responses. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 432–437CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antonucci, T. C., & Jackson, J. S. (1987). Social support, interpersonal efficacy, and health: A life course perspective. In L. Carstensen & B. A. Edelstein (Eds.), Handbook of clinical gerontology (pp. 291–311). New York: Pergamon
Baker, J. M. (1997). Social support and academic persistence: A test of the optimal-matching model. Unpublished dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
Bakhtin, M. M. (1986). The problem of speech genres. In C. Emerson & M. Holquist (Eds.), M. M. Bakhtin: Speech genres and other late essays (pp. 60–102). (V. W. McGee, Trans.). Austin: University of Texas Press
Barbee, A. P., & Cunningham, M. (1995). An experimental approach to social support communications: Interactive coping in close relationships. In B. R. Burleson (Ed.), Communication yearbook 18 (pp. 381–413). Thousand Oaks, CA: SageCrossRef
Barker, C., & Lemle, R. (1984). Informal helping in partner and stranger dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, 541–547CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, M. K., & Duck, S. (1994). Everyday communicative contexts for social support. In B. R. Burleson, T. L. Albrecht, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Communication of social support: Messages, interactions, relationships, and community (pp. 175–194). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Barnet, M. A., & Harris, R. J. (1984). Peer counselors and friends: Expected and preferred responses. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 253–261Google Scholar
Barrera, M. (1980). A method for the assessment of social support networks in community survey research. Connections, 3, 8–13Google Scholar
Barrera, M. (1981). Social support in the adjustment of pregnant adolescents. In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.), Social networks and social support (pp. 69–96). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
Barrera, M. (1986). Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 413–445CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrera, M. (1988). Models of social support and life stress. In L. H. Cohen (Ed.), Life events and psychological functioning: Theoretical and methodological issues (pp. 211–236). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Barrera, M., & Ainlay, S. L. (1983). The structure of social support: A conceptual and empirical analysis. Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 133–1433.0.CO;2-L>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bates, D. B., & Toro, P. A. (1999). Developing measures to assess social support among homeless and poor people. Journal of Community Psychology, 27, 137–1563.0.CO;2-B>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxter, L. A. (1987). Symbols of relationship identity in relationship culture. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 4, 261–280CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxter, L. A. (1993). The social and the personal of close relationships. In S. Duck (Ed.), Social contexts of relationships (pp. 139–165). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Belsher, G., & Costello, C. G. (1991). Do confidants of depressed women provide less social support than confidants of nondepressed women?Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 516–525CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berkman, L. F. (1985). The relationship of social networks and social support to morbidity and mortality. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 241–262). New York: Academic Press
Berman, S. L., Kurtines, W. M., Silverman, W. K., & Serafini, L. T. (1996). The impact of exposure to crime and violence on urban youth. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 66, 329–336CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bippus, A. M. (2000). Humor usage in comforting episodes: Factors predicting outcomes. Western Journal of Communication, 64, 359–384CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bippus, A. M. (2001). Recipients' criteria for evaluating the skillfulness of comforting communication and the outcomes of comforting interactions. Communication Monographs, 68, 301–313CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, S. J., & Leadbeater, B. J. (1999). Maternal social support patterns and child maltreatment: Comparison of maltreating and nonmaltreating mothers. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 69, 172–181CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bodenmann, G. (1997a). Dyadic coping: A systemic-transactional view of stress and coping among couples: Theory and empirical findings. Revue Europeenne de Psychologie Appliquee, 47, 137–140Google Scholar
Bodenmann, G. (1997b). The influence of stress and coping on close relationships: A two-year longitudinal study. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 56, 156–164Google Scholar
Bolger, N., Foster, M., Vinokur, A. D., & Ng, R. (1996). Close relationships and adjustment to a life crisis: The case of breast cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 283–294CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bolger, N., Zuckerman, A., & Kessler, R. C. (2000). Invisible support and adjustment to stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 953–961CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brashers, D. E., Neidig, J. L., & Goldsmith, D. J. (in press). Social support and the management of uncertainty for people living with HIV or AIDS. Health Communication
Broadhead, W. E., Kaplan, B. H., James, S. A., Wagner, E. H., Schoenbach, V. S., Grimson, R., et al. (1983). The epidemiologic evidence for a relationship between social support and health. American Journal of Epidemiology, 117, 521–537CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Buhrmeister, D., Furman, W., Wittenberg, M. T., & Reis, H. T. (1988). Five domains of interpersonal competence in peer relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 991–1008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burleson, B. R. (1994). Comforting messages: Significance, approaches, and effects. In B. R. Burleson, T. L. Albrecht, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Communication of social support: Messages, interactions, relationships, and community (pp. 3–28). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Burleson, B. R. (2003). Emotional support skill. In J. O. Greene & B. R. Burleson (Eds.), Handbook of communication and social interaction skills (pp. 551–594). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
Burleson, B. R., Albrecht, T. L., Sarason, I. G., & Goldsmith, D. J. (1994). Introduction: The communication of social support. In B. R. Burleson, T. L. Albrecht, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Communication of social support: Messages, interactions, relationships, and community (pp. ⅺ–ⅹⅹⅹ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Burleson, B. R. & Goldsmith, D. J. (1998). How comforting messages work: Some mechanisms through which messages may alleviate emotional distress. In P. A. Anderson & L. K. Guerrero (Eds.), Handbook of communication and emotion: Research, theory, applications, and contexts (pp. 245–280). Orlando, FL: Academic Press
Burleson, B. R., & MacGeorge, E. (2002). Supportive communication. In M. L. Knapp & J. A. Daly (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal communication (3rd ed., pp. 374–424). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Burleson, B. R., & Samter, W. (1985). Consistencies in theoretical and naive evaluations of comforting messages. Communication Monographs, 52, 103–123CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buttny, R. (1996). Clients' and therapist's joint construction of the clients' problems. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 29, 125–153CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buunk, B. P., & Hoorens, V. (1992). Social support and stress: The role of social comparison and social exchange processes. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31, 445–457CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caplan, S. E., & Samter, W. (1999). The role of facework in younger and older adults' evaluations of social support messages. Communication Quarterly, 47, 245–264CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carbaugh, D. (1988). Talking American: Cultural discourses on Donahue. Norwood, NJ: Ablex
Carels, R. A., & Baucom, D. H. (1999). Support in marriage: Factors associated with on-line perceptions of support helpfulness. Journal of Family Psychology, 13, 131–144CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carkhuff, R. R. (1969). Helping and human relations. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston
Cassel, J. (1976). The contribution of the social environment to host resistance. American Journal of Epidemiology, 104, 107–123CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cauce, A. M. (1986). Social networks and social competence: Exploring the effects of early adolescent friendships. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 607–628CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caughlin, J. P. (2003). Family communication standards: What counts as excellent family communication and how are such standards associated with family satisfaction?Human Communication Research, 29, 5–40Google Scholar
Chesler, M. A., & Barbarin, O. A. (1984). Dilemmas of providing help in a crisis: The role of friends with parents of children with cancer. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 47–63Google Scholar
Cheuk, W. H., Swearse, B., Wong, K. W., & Rosen, S. (1998). The linkage between spurned help and burnout among practicing nurses. Current Psychology, 17, 188–196CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, M. S. (1983). Some implications of close social bonds for help-seeking. In B. M. DePaulo, A. Nadler, & J. D. Fisher (Eds.), New directions in helping: Vol. 2. Help seeking (pp. 205–229). New York: Academic Press
Clark, R. A., & Delia, J. G. (1979). Topoi and rhetorical competence. The Quarterly Journal of Speech, 65, 187–206CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, R. A., Pierce, A. J., Finn, K., Hsu, K., Toolsey, A., & Williams, L. (1997, May). The impact of alternative comforting messages, closeness of relationship, and gender on multiple measures of effectiveness. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Montreal, Quebec
Clark, S. L., & Stephens, M. A. P. (1996). Stroke patients' well-being as a function of caregiving spouse's helpful and unhelpful actions. Personal Relationships, 3, 171–184CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38, 300–314CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, S. (1988). Psychosocial models of the role of social support in the etiology of physical disease. Health Psychology, 7, 269–297CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, S., Gottlieb, B. H., & Underwood, L. G. (2000). Social relationships and health. In S. Cohen, L. G. Underwood, & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 3–25). Oxford University PressCrossRef
Cohen, S., & Hoberman, H. M. (1983). Positive events and social supports as buffers of life change stress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 13, 99–125CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, S., & McKay, G. (1984). Social support, stress and the buffering hypothesis: A theoretical analysis. In A. Baum, S. E. Taylor, & J. E. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of psychology and health: Vol. IV. Social psychological aspects of health (pp. 253–267). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310–357CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2000). A safe haven: An attachment theory perspective on support seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 1053–1073CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Colvin, C. R., & Block, J. (1994). Do positive illusions foster mental health? An examination of the Taylor and Brown formulation. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 3–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colvin, C. R., Block, J., & Funder, D. C. (1995). Overly positive self-evaluations and personality: Negative implications for mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1224–1236Google Scholar
Cooper, M. L. (1986). The role of supportive transactions and perceived functional support as stress buffers. Unpublished dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz
Coriell, M., & Cohen, S. (1995). Concordance in the face of a stressful event: When do members of a dyad agree that one person supported the other?Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 289–299CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coupland, J. (2000). Small talk. Harlow, England: Longman
Coupland, N., Coupland, J., & Giles, H. (1991). Language, society, and the elderly: Discourse, identity, and aging. Oxford, UK: Blackwell
Coyne, J. C., Aldwin, C., & Lazarus, R. S. (1981). Depression and coping in stressful episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 439–447CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coyne, J. C., & DeLongis, A. (1986). Going beyond social support: The role of social relationships in adaptation. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 54, 454–460CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coyne, J. C., Ellard, J. H., & Smith, D. (1990). Social support, interdependence, and the dilemmas of helping. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 129–149). New York: Wiley
Coyne, J. C., & Fiske, V. (1992). Couples coping with chronic and catastrophic illness. In T. J. Akamatsu, M. A. P. Stephens, S. E. Hobfoll, & J. H. Crowther (Eds.), Family health psychology (pp. 129–149). Washington, DC: Hemisphere
Coyne, J. C., & Gottlieb, B. H. (1996). The mismeasure of coping by checklist. Journal of Personality, 64, 959–991CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coyne, J. C., & Smith, D. A. F. (1994). Couples coping with a myocardial infarction: Contextual perspective on patient self-efficacy. Journal of Family Psychology, 8, 43–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coyne, J. C., Wortman, C. B., & Lehman, D. R. (1988). The other side of support: Emotional overinvolvement and miscarried helping. In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.), Marshaling social support; Formats, processes, and effects (pp. 305–330). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Cramer, D. (1987). Self-esteem, advice-giving, and the facilitative nature of close personal relationships. Person-centered Review, 2, 99–110Google Scholar
Cramer, D. (1990). Helpful actions of close friends to personal problems and distress. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 18, 281–293CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cummins, R. C. (1988). Perceptions of social support, receipt of supportive behaviors, and locus of control as moderators of chronic stress. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16, 685–700CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cutrona, C. E. (1986). Objective determinants of perceived social support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 349–355CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cutrona, C. E. (1990). Stress and social support – In search of optimal matching. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, 3–14CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cutrona, C. E. (1996a). Social support as a determinant of marital quality. In G. R. Pierce, B. R. Sarason, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Handbook of social support and the family (pp. 173–194). New York: Plenum
Cutrona, C. E. (1996b). Social support in couples. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Cutrona, C. E., Cole, V., Colangelo, N., Assouline, S. G., & Russell, D. W. (1994). Perceived parental social support and academic achievement: An attachment theory perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 396–378Google Scholar
Cutrona, C. E., & Russell, D. W. (1990). Type of social support and specific stress: Toward a theory of optimal matching. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 319–366). New York: Wiley
Cutrona, C. E., & Suhr, J. A. (1992). Controllability of stressful events and satisfaction with spouse support behaviors. Communication Research, 19, 154–174CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cutrona, C. E., & Suhr, J. A. (1994). Social support communication in the context of marriage: An analysis of couples' supportive interactions. In B. R. Burleson, T. L. Albrecht, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Communication of social support: Messages, interactions, relationships, and community (pp. 113–135). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Cutrona, C. E., Suhr, J. A., & MacFarlane, R. (1990). Interpersonal transactions and the psychological sense of support. In S. Duck with R. Cohen-Silver (Eds.), Personal relationships and social support (pp. 30–45). London: Sage
Dainton, M., & Stafford, L. (1993). Routine maintenance behaviors: A comparison of relationship type, partner similarity, and sex differences. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, 255–271CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dakof, G. A., & Taylor, S. E. (1990). Victim's perceptions of social support: What is helpful from whom?Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 80–89CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danish, S. J., & D'Augelli, A. R. (1976). Rationale and implementation of a training program for paraprofessionals. Professional Psychology, 7, 38–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D'Augelli, A. R., & Levy, M. (1978). The verbal helping skills of trained and untrained human service paraprofessionals. American Journal of Community Psychology, 6, 23–31CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D'Augelli, A. R., & Vallance, T. R. (1982). The helping community: Issues in the evaluation of a preventive intervention to promote informal helping. Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 199–2093.0.CO;2-A>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D'Augelli, A. R., Vallance, T. R., Danish, S. J., Young, C. E., & Gerdes, J. L. (1981). The community helpers project: A description of a prevention strategy for rural communities. Journal of Prevention, 1, 209–224CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidowitz, M., & Myrick, R. D. (1984). Responding to the bereaved: An analysis of “helping” statements. Death Education, 8, 1–10CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, R. C., & Brickman, E. (1996). Supportive and unsupportive aspects of the behavior of others toward victims of sexual and nonsexual assault. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 11, 250–262CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, A., Kolody, B., Wood, P., & Ensel, W. M. (1989). The effects of types of social support from adult children on depression in elderly persons. American Journal of Community Psychology, 17, 341–3553.0.CO;2-4>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dehle, C., Larsen, D., & Landers, J. E. (2001). Social support in marriage. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 29, 307–324CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DePaulo, B. M. (1982). Social psychological processes in informal help-seeking. In T. A. Wills (Ed.), Basic processes in helping relationships (pp. 255–279). New York: Academic Press
DePaulo, B. M., & Fisher, J. D. (1980). The costs of asking for help. Basic and Applied Psychology, 1, 23–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Depner, C. E., Wethington, E., & Ingersoll-Dayton, B. (1984). Social support: Methodological issues in design and measurement. Journal of Social Issues, 40, 37–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeRidder, D., & Schreurs, K. (1996). Coping, social support and chronic disease: A research agenda. Psychology, Health, & Medicine, 1, 71–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiMatteo, M. R., & Hays, R. (1981). Social support and serious illness. In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.), Social networks and social support (pp. 117–148). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
Doeglas, D., Suurmeijur, T., Briancon, S., Moum, T., Krol, B., Bjelle, E., et al. (1996). An international study on measuring social support: Interactions and satisfaction. Social Science and Medicine, 43, 1389–1397CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duck, S., Rutt, D. J., Hurst, M. H., & Strejc, H. (1991). Some evident truths about conversations in everyday relationships: All communications are not created equal. Human Communication Research, 18, 228–267CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunkel-Schetter, C. (1984). Social support and cancer: Findings based on patient interviews and their implications. Journal of Social Issues, 40, 77–98CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunkel-Schetter, C., & Bennett, T. L. (1990). Differentiating the cognitive and behavioral aspects of social support. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 267–296). New York: Wiley
Dunkel-Schetter, C., Blasband, D., Feinstein, L., & Herbert, T. (1992). Elements of supportive interactions: When are attempts to help effective? In S. Spacapan & S. Oskamp (Eds.), Helping and being helped: Naturalistic studies (pp. 83–114). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Dunkel-Schetter, C., & Wortman, C. B. (1982). The interpersonal dynamics of cancer: Problems in social relationships and their impact on the patient. In H. S. Friedman & M. R. DiMatteo (Eds.), Interpersonal issues in health care (pp. 69–100). New York: Academic Press
Duranti, A., & Goodwin, C. (1992). Rethinking context: Language as interactive phenomenon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Eckenrode, J., & Wethington, E. (1990). The process and outcome of mobilizing support. In S. Duck with R. Cohen-Silver (Eds.), Personal relationships and social support (pp. 83–103). London: Sage
Emmons, R. A., & Colby, P. M. (1995). Emotional conflict and well-being: Relation to perceived availability, daily utilization, and observer reports of social support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 947–959CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Erickson, R. J. (1993). Reconceptualizing family work: The effect of emotion work on perceptions of marital quality. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 888–900CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenlason, K. J., & Beehr, T. A. (1994). Social support and occupational stress: Effects of talking to others. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 157–175CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fiore, J., Becker, J., & Coppel, B. (1983). Social network interactions: A buffer or a stress. American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 432–440CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fiore, M. C., Bailey, W. C., Cohen, S. J., Dorfman, S. F., Fox, B. J., Goldstein, M. J., et al. (2000). A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence: A US public health service report. Journal of the American Medical Association, 283, 3244–3254Google Scholar
Fisher, J. D., Goff, B. A., Nadler, A., & Chinsky, J. M. (1988). Social psychological influences on help seeking and support from peers. In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.), Marshaling social support (pp. 267–304). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Fitch, K. (1998). Speaking relationally: Culture, communication, and interpersonal connection. New York: Guilford
Folkman, S. (1984). Personal control and stress and coping processes: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 839–852CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 150–170CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ford, E. S., Ahluwalia, I. B., & Galuska, D. A. (2000). Social relationships and cardiovascular disease risk factors: Findings from the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Preventive Medicine, 30, 83–92CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ford, L. A., & Ellis, B. H. (1998). A preliminary analysis of memorable support and nonsupport messages received by nurses in acute care settings. Health Communication, 10, 37–63CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forgas, J. P. (1979). Social episodes: The study of interaction routines. New York: Academic Press
Frazier, P. A., Tix, A. P., & Barnett, C. L. (2003). The relational context of social support: Relationship satisfaction moderates the relations between enacted support and distress. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1133–1146CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garbarino, J., & Kostelny, K. (1997). Coping with the consequences of community violence. In A. P. Goldstein & J. C. Conoley (Eds.), School violence intervention: A practical handbook (pp. 366–387). New York: Guilford Press
Gignac, M. A. M., & Gottlieb, B. H. (1996). Caregivers' appraisals of efficacy in coping with dementia. Psychology and Aging, 11, 214–225CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glidewell, J. C., Tucker, S., Todt, M., & Cox, S. (1983). Professional support systems: The teaching profession. In A. Nadler, J. D. Fisher, & B. M. DePaulo (Eds.), New directions in helping: Vol. 3. Applied perspectives on help-seeking and receiving (pp. 189–212). New York: Academic Press
Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction ritual. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books
Goldsmith, D. (1988). To talk or not to talk: The flow of information between romantic dyads and members of their communication networks. Unpublished master's thesis. University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Goldsmith, D. (1992). Managing conflicting goals in supportive interaction: An integrative theoretical framework. Communication Research, 19, 264–286CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J. (1993, November). Considering culture in interpersonal communication theory. Paper presented at the meeting of the Speech Communication Association, Miami, FL
Goldsmith, D. J. (1994a, July). Messages that define situations: An alternative to matching models of supportive communication. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Communication Association, Sydney, Australia
Goldsmith, D. J. (1994b). The role of face work in supportive communication. In B. R. Burleson, T. L. Albrecht, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), The communication of support: Messages, interactions, relationships, and community (pp. 29–49). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Goldsmith, D. J. (1995). Commentary on Barbee & Cunningham: The communicative microdynamics of support. In B. R. Burleson (Ed.), Communication yearbook 18 (pp. 414–433). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Goldsmith, D. J. (1999). Content-based resources for giving face-sensitive advice in troubles talk episodes. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 32, 303–336CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J. (2000). Soliciting advice: The role of sequential placement in mitigating face threat. Communication Monographs, 67, 1–19CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J. (2001). A normative approach to the study of uncertainty and communication. Journal of Communication, 51, 514–533CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J. (in press). Politeness theory. In B. Whaley & W. Samter (Eds.), Explaining communication: Contemporary theories and exemplars. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
Goldsmith, D. J., & Baxter, L. A. (1996). Constituting relationships in talk: A taxonomy of speech events in social and personal relationships. Human Communication Research, 23, 87–114CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J., & Dun, S. (1997). Sex differences in the provision of support. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 14, 317–337CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J., & Fitch, K. (1997). The normative context of advice as social support. Human Communication Research, 23, 454–476CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J., & Fulfs, P. A. (1999). “You just don't have the evidence”: An analysis of claims and evidence in Deborah Tannen's You Just Don't Understand. In M. E. Roloff (Ed.), Communication yearbook 22 (pp. 1–49). Thousand Oaks, CA: SageCrossRef
Goldsmith, D. J., & Leslie, K. B. (2001, November). Negotiating identity and relationship during recovery from a coronary incident. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Communication Association, Atlanta, GA
Goldsmith, D. J., & MacGeorge, E. L. (2000). The impact of politeness and relationship on perceived quality of advice about a problem. Human Communication Research, 26, 234–263CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J., & McDermott, V. M. (1997, November). Helpful, supportive, and sensitive: Interpreting outcomes of social support in personal relationships. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Communication Association, Chicago, IL
Goldsmith, D. J., & McDermott, V. M. (1998, November). Identifying “troubles talk” in conversations of close relational partners. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Communication Association, New York, NY
Goldsmith, D. J., & McDermott, V. M. (2000, November). The discursive negotiation of social support in troubles talk conversations. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Communication Association, Seattle, WA
Goldsmith, D. J., McDermott, V. M., & Alexander, S. C. (2000). Helpful, supportive, and sensitive: Measuring the evaluation of enacted social support in personal relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17, 369–391CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gore, S., & Aseltine, R. H. (1995). Protective processes in adolescence: Matching stressors with social resources. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 301–327CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottlieb, B. H. (1974). Re-examining the preventive potential of mental health consultation. Canada's Mental Health, 22, 4–6Google Scholar
Gottlieb, B. H. (1978). The development and application of a classification scheme of informal helping behaviors. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 10, 105–115CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottlieb, B. H. (1985a). Social support and community mental health. In S. Cohen & L. S. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 303–326). New York: Academic Press
Gottlieb, B. H. (1985b). Social support and the study of personal relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2, 351–375CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottlieb, B. (1985c). Theory into practice: Issues that surface in planning interventions which mobilize support. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 417–437). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff
Gottlieb, B. H. (1992). Quandaries in translating support concepts to intervention. In H. O. F. Veiel & U. Baumann (Eds.), The meaning and measurement of social support (pp. 293–309). New York: Hemisphere
Gottlieb, B. H. (1996). Theories and practices of mobilizing support in stressful circumstances. In G. L. Cooper (Ed.), Handbook of stress, medicine, and health (pp. 339–356). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
Gottlieb, B. H., & Gignac, M. A. M. (1996). Content and domain specificity of coping among family caregivers of persons with dementia. Journal of Aging Studies, 10, 137–155CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottlieb, B. H., & Wagner, F. (1991). Stress and support processes in close relationships. In J. Eckenrode (Ed.), The social context of coping (pp. 165–188). New York: PlenumCrossRef
Grant, D. A. (1990). Person–environment fit and stressor-support specificity models of the stress-buffering hypothesis. Unpublished dissertation, York University, North York, Ontario
Greenberg, M. S., & Shapiro, S. P. (1971). Indebtedness: An adverse aspect of asking for and receiving help. Sociometry, 34, 290–301CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenglass, E., Fiksenbaum, L., & Burke, R. J. (1996). Components of social support, buffering effects and burnout: Implications for psychological functioning. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping: An International Journal, 9, 185–197CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, A., Wallston, B. S., & Piliavin, I. M. (1979). Reactance, attribution, equity, and the help recipient. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 9, 297–313CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gurowka, K. M., & Lightman, E. S. (1995). Supportive and unsupportive interactions as perceived by cancer patients. Social Work in Health Care, 21, 71–88CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gurung, R. A. R., Sarason, B. R., & Sarason, I. G. (1997). Personal characteristics, relationship quality, and social support perceptions and behavior in young adult romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 4, 319–339CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harre, R., & Secord, P. F. (1972). The explanation of social behavior. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell
Harris, T. O. (1992). Some reflections on the process of social support and nature of unsupportive behaviors. In H. O. F. Veiel & U. Baumann (Eds.), The meaning and measurement of social support (pp. 171–190). New York: Hemisphere
Hatfield, E., Utne, M. K., & Traupmann, J. (1979). Equity theory and intimate relationships. In R. L. Burgess & T. L. Huston (Eds.), Social exchange in developing relationships (pp. 99–133). New York: Academic PressCrossRef
Hays, R. B., Magee, R. H., & Chauncey, S. (1994). Identifying helpful and unhelpful behaviours of loved ones: The PWA's perspective. AIDS Care, 6, 379–392CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helgeson, V. S. (1993). Two important distinctions in social support: Kind of support and perceived versus received. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 825–845CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heller, K., & Rook, K. S. (1997). Distinguishing the theoretical functions of social ties: Implications for support interventions. In S. Duck (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships (2nd ed., pp. 649–670). New York: Wiley
Heller, K., & Rook, K. S. (2001). Distinguishing the theoretical functions of social ties: Implications for support interventions. In B. R. Sarason & S. Duck (Eds.), Personal relationships: Implications for clinical and community psychology (pp. 119–139). Chichester, UK: Wiley
Heller, K., & Swindle, R. W. (1983). Social networks, perceived social support and coping with stress. In R. D. Felner, L. A. Jason, J. Moritsugu, & S. S. Farber (Eds.), Preventive psychology: Theory, research, and practice in community intervention (pp. 87–103). New York: Pergamon
Heller, K., Swindle, R. W., & Dusenbury, L. (1986). Component social support processes: Comments and integration. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 466–470CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, M., & Argyle, M. (1985). Source and nature of social support given to women at divorce/separation. British Journal of Social Work, 15, 57–65Google Scholar
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513–524CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobfoll, S. E., Nadler, A., & Leiberman, J. (1986). Satisfaction with social support during crisis: Intimacy and self-esteem as critical determinants. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 296–304CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobfoll, S. E., & Stokes, J. P. (1988). The process and mechanics of social support. In S. W. Duck (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships (pp. 497–517). London: Wiley
Holahan, C. J., Moos, R. H., & Bonin, L. (1997). Social support, coping, and psychological adjustment: A resources model. In G. R. Pierce, B. Lakey, I. G. Sarason, & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Sourcebook of social support and personality (pp. 169–186). New York: PlenumCrossRef
Holahan, C. J., Moos, R. H., Holahan, C. K., & Brennan, P. L. (1997). Social context, coping strategies and depressive symptoms: An expanded model with cardiac patients. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 918–928CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horowitz, L. M., Krasnoperova, E. N., Tatar, D. G., Hansen, M. B., Person, E. A., Galvin, K. L., et al. (2001). The way to console may depend on the goal: Experimental studies of social support. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 49–61CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hosley, C. A. (1999). Social support in parent-adolescent relationships: Variation in support provision and the impact of support on adolescent psychological health. Unpublished dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
House, J. S., & Kahn, R. L. (1985). Measures and concepts of social support. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 83–108). Orlando, FL: Academic Press
House, J. S., Landis, K. R., & Umberson, D. (1988). Social relationships and health. Science, 241, 540–544CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
House, J. S., Umberson, D., & Landis, K. R. (1988). Structures and processes of social support. Annual Review of Sociology, 14, 293–318CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hummert, M. L., & Ryan, E. B. (2001). Patronizing. In W. P. Robinson & H. Giles (Eds.), The new handbook of language and social psychology (pp. 253–269). London: Wiley
Husaini, B. A., Neff, J. A., Newbrough, J. R., & Moore, M. (1982). The stress-buffering role of social support and personal competence among the rural married. Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 409–4263.0.CO;2-D>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huston, T. L., McHale, S. M., & Crouter, A. C. (1986). When the honeymoon's over: Changes in the marriage relationship over the first year. In R. Gilmour & S. Duck (Eds.), The emerging field of personal relationships (pp. 109–131). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Hymes, D. (1972). Models of the interaction of language and social life. In J. Gumperz & D. Hymes (Eds.), Directions in socio-linguistics: The ethnography of communication (pp. 35–71). New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston
Ingram, K. M., Betz, N. E., Mindes, E. J., Schmitt, M. M., & Smith, N. G. (2001). Unsupportive responses from others concerning a stressful life event: Development of the unsupportive social interactions inventory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 20, 173–207CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobson, D. E. (1986). Types and timing of social support. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 27, 250–264CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jefferson, G. (1980). On “trouble-premonitory” response to inquiry. Sociological Inquiry, 50, 153–185CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jefferson, G. (1984a). On stepwise transition from talk about a trouble to inappropriately next-positioned matters. In J. M. Atkinson & J. Heritage (Eds.), Structures of social action: Studies in conversation analysis (pp. 191–222). Cambridge University Press
Jefferson, G. (1984b). On the organization of laughter in talk about troubles. In J. M. Atkinson & J. Heritage (Eds.), Structures of social action: Studies in conversation analysis (pp. 346–367). Cambridge University Press
Jefferson, G. (1988). On the sequential organization of troubles talk in ordinary conversation. Social Problems, 35, 418–441CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jefferson, G., & Lee, J. R. E. (1992). The rejection of advice: Managing the problematic convergence of a “troubles telling” and a “service encounter.” In P. Drew & J. Heritage (Eds.), Talk at work: Interaction in institutional settings (pp. 521–548). Cambridge University Press
Jones, S. M., & Burleson, B. R. (1997, May). The impact of situational variables on the perception of comforting messages. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Montreal, Quebec
Jung, J. (1989). Social support rejection and reappraisal by providers and recipients. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 19, 159–173CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaniasty, K., & Norris, F. H. (1992). Social support and victims of crime: Matching event, support, and outcome. American Journal of Community Psychology, 20, 211–241CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katriel, T. (1991). Communal webs: Communication and culture in contemporary Israel. Albany: State University of New York Press
Kessler, R. C., & McLeod, J. D. (1985). Social support and mental health in community samples. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 219–240). New York: Academic Press
Kitson, G. C., & Holmes, W. M. (1992). Portrait of divorce: Adjustment to marital breakdown. New York: Guilford Press
Kliewer, W., Lepore, S. J., Oskin, D., & Johnson, P. D. (1998). The role of social and cognitive processes in children's adjustment to community violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 199–209CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knapp, M. L., Stohl, C., & Reardon, K. (1981). “Memorable” messages. Journal of Communication, 31, 27–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krause, N. (1986). Social support, stress, and well-being among older adults. Journal of Gerontology, 41, 512–519CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krause, N. (1987). Chronic financial strain, social support, and depressive symptoms among older adults. Psychology and Aging, 2, 185–192CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LaGreca, A. M., & Bearman, K. J. (2002). The diabetes social support questionnaire-family version: Evaluating adolescents' diabetes specific support from family members. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27, 665–676CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laireiter, A. R., Baumann, U., Perkonigg, A., & Himmelbauer, S. (1997). Social support resources in interpersonal relationships (social networks) during stressful life conditions: Results from two pilot studies. Revue Europeenne de Psychologie Appliquee, 47, 123–128Google Scholar
Lakey, B., Adams, K., Neely, L., Rhodes, G., Lutz, C. J., & Sielky, K. (2002). Perceived support and low emotional distress: The role of enacted support, dyad similarity, and provider personality. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1546–1555CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakey, B., & Cassady, P. (1990). Cognitive processes in perceived social support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 337–343CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakey, B., & Drew, J. B. (1997). A social-cognitive perspective on social support. In G. R. Pierce, B. Lakey, I. G. Sarason, & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Sourcebook of social support and personality (pp. 107–140). New York: PlenumCrossRef
Lakey, B., Drew, J. B., & Sirl, K. (1999). Clinical depression and perceptions of supportive others: A generalizability analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23, 511–533CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakey, B., McCabe, K., Fisicaro, S. A., & Drew, J. B. (1996). Environmental and personal determinants of support perceptions: Three generalizability studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1270–1280CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lakey, B., Moineau, S., & Drew, J. B. (1992). Perceived social support and individual differences in the interpretation and recall of supportive behaviors. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 11, 336–348CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakey, B., Ross, L. T., Butler, C., & Bentley, K. (1996). Making social support judgments: The role of similarity and conscientiousness. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 15, 283–304CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lam, J. A., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2000). Correlates of improvement in quality of life among homeless persons with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 51, 116–118CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lanza, A. F., Cameron, A. E., & Revenson, T. A. (1995). Perceptions of helpful and unhelpful support among married individuals with rheumatic diseases. Psychology and Health, 10, 449–462CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LaRocco, J. R., House, J. S., & French, J. R. P. (1980). Social support, occupational stress, and health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 202–218CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer-Verlag
Leatham, G., & Duck, S. (1990). Conversations with friends and the dynamics of social support. In S. Duck with R. Cohen-Silver (Eds.), Personal relationships and social support (pp. 1–29). London: Sage
Lee, F. (1997). When the going gets tough, do the tough ask for help? Help seeking and power motivation in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 72, 336–363CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lehman, D. R., Ellard, J. H., & Wortman, C. B. (1986). Social support for the bereaved: Recipients' and providers' perspectives on what is helpful. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 438–446CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehman, D. R., & Hemphill, K. J. (1990). Recipients' perceptions of support attempts and attributions for support attempts that fail. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, 563–574CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leppin, A., & Schwarzer, R. (1990). Social support and physical health: An updated meta-analysis. In L. R. Schmidt, P. Schwenkmezger, J. Weinman, & S. Maes (Eds.), Theoretical and applied aspects of health psychology (pp. 185–202). London: Harwood
Lesser, E. K., & Comet, J. J. (1987). Help and hindrance: Parents of divorcing children. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 13, 197–202CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levinson, S. C. (1995). Interactional biases in human thinking. In E. N. Goody (Ed.), Social intelligence and interaction (pp. 221–260). Cambridge: Cambridge University PressCrossRef
Liang, J., Krause, N. M., & Bennett, J. M. (2001). Social exchange and well-being: Is giving better than receiving?Psychology and Aging, 16, 511–523CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lieberman, M. A. (1986). Social supports – the consequences of psychologizing: A commentary. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 461–465CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lim, V. K. G. (1996). Job insecurity and its outcomes: Moderating effects of work-based and nonwork-based social support. Human Relations, 49, 171–194CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, N., Woefel, M. W., & Light, S. C. (1985). The buffering effect of social support subsequent to an important life event. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 26, 247–263CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Littrell, P. C., Billingsley, B. S., & Cross, L. H. (1994). The effects of principal support on special and general educators' stress, job satisfaction, school commitment, health, and intent to stay in teaching. Rase: Remedial & Special Education, 15, 297–310Google Scholar
Luckmann, T. (1995). Interaction planning and intersubjective adjustment of perspectives by communicative genres. In E. N. Goody (Ed.), Social intelligence and interaction (pp. 175–186). Cambridge: Cambridge University PressCrossRef
Lydon, J. E., & Zanna, M. P. (1992). The cost of social support following negative life events: Can adversity increase commitment to caring in close relationships? In L. Montada, S. H. Filipp, & M. J. Lerner (Eds.), Life crises and experiences of loss in adulthood (pp. 461–475). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Lyons, R. G., Mickelson, K. D., Sullivan, M. J., & Coyne, J. C. (1998). Coping as a communal process. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 579–605CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, X., & Kishor, N. (1997). Attitude toward self, social factors, and achievement in mathematics: A meta-analytic review. Educational Psychology Review, 9, 89–120CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacGeorge, E. L., Lichtman, R. M., & Pressey, L. C. (2002). The evaluation of advice in supportive interactions. Human Communication Research, 28, 451–463CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malkinson, R. (1987). Helping and being helped: The support paradox. Death Studies, 11, 205–219CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mallinckrodt, B. (2000). Attachment, social competencies, social support, and interpersonal process in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 10, 239–266CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mankowski, E. S., & Wyer, R. S. (1996). Cognitive processes in perceptions of social support. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 894–905CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manne, S., & Schnoll, R. (2001). Measuring supportive and unsupportive responses during cancer treatment: A factor analytic assessment of the partner responses to cancer inventory. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 297–321CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manne, S. L., & Zautra, A. J. (1989). Spouse criticism and support: Their association with coping and psychological adjustment among women with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 608–617CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, R., Davis, G. M., Baron, R. S., Suls, J., & Blanchard, E. B. (1994). Specificity in social support: Perceptions of helpful and unhelpful provider behaviors among irritable bowel syndrome, headache, and cancer patients. Health Psychology, 13, 432–439CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCaskill, J. W., & Lakey, B. (2000). Perceived support, social undermining, and emotion: Idiosyncratic and shared perspectives of adolescents and their families. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 820–832CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLeroy, K. R., Devellis, R., Devellis, B., Kaplan, B., & Toole, J. (1984). Social support and physical recovery in a stroke population. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 1, 395–413CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metts, S., Backhaus, S., & Kazoleas, D. (1995, February). Social support as problematic communication. Paper presented at the meeting of the Western States Communication Association, Portland, OR
Meyerowitz, B. E., Levin, K., & Harvey, J. H. (1997). On the nature of cancer patients' social interactions. Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss, 2, 49–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mikulincer, M., & Florian, V. (1997). Are emotional and instrumental supportive interactions beneficial in times of stress? The impact of attachment style. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 10, 109–127CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, P. J., & Goodnow, J. J. (1995). Cultural practices: Toward an integration of culture and development. In J. J. Goodnow, P. J. Miller, & F. Kessel (Eds.), Cultural practices as contexts for development (pp. 5–16). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-BassCrossRef
Moncher, F. J. (1995). Social isolation and child-abuse risk. Families in Society, 76, 421–433Google Scholar
Neuling, S. J., & Winefield, H. R. (1988). Social support and recovery after surgery for breast cancer: Frequency and correlates of supportive behaviors by family, friends, and surgeon. Social Science and Medicine, 27, 385–392CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newsom, J. T. (1999). Another side to caregiving: Negative reactions to being helped. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 183–187CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Notarius, C. I., & Herrick, L. R. (1988). Listener response strategies to a distressed other. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 5, 97–108CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Brien, T. B., & DeLongis, A. (1997). Coping with chronic stress: An interpersonal perspective. In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.), Coping with chronic stress (pp. 161–190). New York: PlenumCrossRef
O'Keefe, B. J. (1988). The logic of message design: Individual differences in reasoning about communication. Communication Monographs, 55, 80–103CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keefe, B. J. (1990). The logic of regulative communication: Understanding the rationality of message designs. In J. P. Dillard (Ed.), Seeking compliance: The production of interpersonal influence messages (pp. 87–104). Scottsdale, AZ: Gorsuch Scarisbrick
O'Keefe, B. J. (1992). Developing and testing rational models of message design. Human Communication Research, 18, 637–649CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keefe, B. J., & Delia, J. G. (1988). Communicative tasks and communicative practices: The development of audience-centered message production. In B. A. Rafoth & D. L. Rubin (Eds.), The social construction of written communication (pp. 70–98). Norwood, NJ: Ablex
O'Keefe, B. J., & McCornack, S. A. (1987). Message design logic and message goal structure: Effects on perceptions of message quality in regulative communication situations. Human Communication Research, 14, 68–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keefe, B. J., & Shepherd, G. J. (1987). The pursuit of multiple objectives in face-to-face persuasive interactions: Effects of construct differentiation on message organization. Communication Monographs, 54, 396–419CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keefe, D. J. (1987, November). Message description. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Speech Communication Association, Boston, MA
O'Keefe, D. J. (1994). From strategy-based to feature-based analyses of compliance-gaining message classification and production. Communication Theory, 4, 61–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okun, M. A., Sandler, I. N., & Baumann, D. J. (1988). Buffer and booster effects as event-support transactions. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16, 435–449CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Reilly, P., & Thomas, H. E. (1989). Role of support networks in maintenance of improved cardiovascular health status. Social Science and Medicine, 28, 249–260CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pakenham, K. I. (1998). Specification of social support behaviors and network dimensions along the HIV continuum for gay men. Patient Education and Counseling, 34, 147–157CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pasch, L. A., & Bradbury, T. N. (1998). Social support, conflict, and the development of marital dysfunction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 219–230CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pasch, L. A., Bradbury, T. N., & Sullivan, K. T. (1997). Social support in marriage: An analysis of intraindividual and interpersonal components. In G. R. Pierce, B. Lakey, I. G. Sarason, & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Sourcebook of social support and personality (pp. 229–256). New York: PlenumCrossRef
Patterson, J. M., Garwick, A. W., Bennett, F. C., & Blum, R. W. (1997). Social support in families of children with chronic conditions: Supportive and nonsupportive behaviors. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 18, 13–21CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pearlin, L. I. (1985). Social structure and processes of social support. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 43–60). New York: Academic Press
Pearlin, L. I., & McCall, M. E. (1990). Occupational stress and marital support: A description of microprocesses. In J. Eckenrode & S. Gore (Eds.), Stress between work and family (pp. 39–60). New York: PlenumCrossRef
Peirce, R. S., Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1996). Financial stress, social support, and alcohol involvement: A longitudinal test of the buffering hypothesis in a general population survey. Health Psychology, 15, 38–47CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pennix, B. W. J. H., Tilburg, T., Deeg, D. J. H., Kriegsman, D. M. W., Boeke, J. P., & Eijk, J. T. M. (1997). Direct and buffer effects of social support and personal coping resources in individuals with arthritis. Social Science and Medicine, 44, 393–402CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petronio, S., Reeder, H. M., Hecht, M. L., & Ros-Mendoza, T. M. (1996). Disclosure of sexual abuse by children and adolescents. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 24, 181–199CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peyrot, M., McMurry, J. F., & Hedges, R. (1988). Marital adjustment to adult diabetes: Interpersonal congruence and spouse satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 363–376CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philipsen, G. (1992). Speaking culturally: Explorations in social communication. Albany: State University Press of New York
Picard, M., Lee, C. M., & Hunsley, J. (1997). Social supports received and desired: The experiences of recently divorced parents with their parents and parents-in-law. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 27, 57–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierce, G. R., Lakey, B., Sarason, I. G., Sarason, B. R., & Joseph, H. J. (1997). Personality and social support processes: A conceptual overview. In G. R. Pierce, B. Lakey, I. G. Sarason, & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Sourcebook of social support and personality (pp. 3–18). New York: PlenumCrossRef
Pierce, G. R., Sarason, B. R., & Sarason, I. G. (1992). General and specific support expectations and stress as predictors of perceived supportiveness: An experimental study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 297–307CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierce, G. R., Sarason, I. G., & Sarason, B. R. (1996). Coping and social support. In M. Zeidner & N. S. Endler (Eds.), Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications (pp. 434–451). New York: Wiley
Pistrang, N., & Barker, C. (1998). Partners and fellow patients: Two sources of emotional support for women with breast cancer. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26, 439–456CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pistrang, N., Barker, C., & Rutter, C. (1997). Social support as conversation: Analysing breast cancer patients' interactions with their partners. Social Science and Medicine, 45, 773–782CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pistrang, N., Clare, L., & Barker, C. (1999). The helping process in couples during recovery from heart attack: A single case study. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 72, 227–237CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pistrang, N., Picciotto, A., & Barker, C. (2001). The communication of empathy in couples during the transition to parenthood. Journal of Community Psychology, 29, 615–636CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pistrang, N., Solomons, W., & Barker, C. (1999). Peer support for women with breast cancer: The role of empathy and self-disclosure. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 9, 217–2293.0.CO;2-5>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pomerantz, A. (1984). Agreeing and disagreeing with assessments: Some features of preferred/dispreferred turn shapes. In J. M. Atkinson & J. Heritage (Eds.), Structures of social action: Studies in conversation analysis (pp. 57–101). Cambridge University Press
Power, M. J. (1988). Stress-buffering effects of social support: A longitudinal study. Motivation and Emotion, 12, 197–204CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ptacek, J. T., Pierce, G. R., Ptacek, J. J., & Nogel, C. (1999). Stress and coping processes in men with prostate cancer: The divergent views of husbands and wives. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 18, 299–324CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Range, L. M., Walston, A. S., & Pollard, P. M. (1992). Helpful and unhelpful comments after suicide, homicide, accident, or natural death. Omega, 25, 25–31Google Scholar
Rankin, S. H. (1992). Psychosocial adjustments of coronary artery disease patients and their spouses: Nursing implications. Nursing Clinics of North America, 27, 271–284Google ScholarPubMed
Ratcliff, K. S., & Bogdan, J. (1988). Unemployed women: When “social support” is not supportive. Social Problems, 35, 54–63CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rawlins, W. K. (1983). Openness as problematic in ongoing friendships: Two conversational dilemmas. Communication Monographs, 50, 1–13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ray, E. B. (1987). Supportive relationships and occupational stress in the workplace. In T. L. Albrecht & M. B. Adelman (Eds.), Communicating social support (pp. 172–191). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Reich, J. W., Zautra, A. J., & Manne, S. (1993). How perceived control and congruent spouse support affect rheumatoid arthritis patients. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 12, 148–163CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reis, H. T., & Collins, N. (2000). Measuring relationship properties and interactions relevant to social support. In S. Cohen, L. G. Underwood, & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 136–192). Oxford, UK: Oxford University PressCrossRef
Reisman, J. M., & Shorr, S. (1980). Developmental changes in friendship-related communication skills. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 36, 67–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reisman, J. M., & Yamokoski, T. (1974). Psychotherapy and friendship: An analysis of the communications of friends. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 21, 269–273CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Revenson, T. A., & Majerovitz, D. (1990). Spouses' support provision to chronically ill patients. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, 575–586CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, E. B., Elder, G. H., Skinner, M. L., & Conger, R. D. (1991). The costs and benefits of social support in families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 403–416CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 95–103CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Röhrle, B., & Sommer, G. (1994). Social support and social competencies: Some theoretical and empirical contributions to their relationship. In F. Nestmann & K. Hurrelmann (Eds.), Social networks and social support in childhood and adolescence (pp. 111–129). Berlin: Walter de GruyterCrossRef
Rook, K. S. (1990). Social relationships as a source of companionship: Implications for older adults' psychological well-being. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactive view (pp. 219–250). New York: Wiley
Rook, K., & Dooley, D. (1985). Applying social support research: Theoretical problems and future directions. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 5–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rook, K. S., & Underwood, L. G. (2000). Social support measurement and interventions: Comments and future directions. In S. Cohen, L. G. Underwood, & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 311–334). Oxford, UK: Oxford University PressCrossRef
Rosen, S., Mickler, S. E., & Collins, J. E. (1987). Reactions of would be helpers whose offer of help is spurned. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 288–297CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenberg, M. R. (1985). Social support: Mechanisms of action and stressor support specificity. Unpublished dissertation, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL
Rosenfeld, L. B., Richman, J. M., & Bowen, G. L. (2000). Social support networks and school outcomes: The centrality of the teacher. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 17, 205–226CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, R. E. (2003). Applying the social skills concept to discourse and conversation: The remediation of performance defects in talk-in-interaction. In J. O. Greene & B. R. Burleson (Eds.), Handbook of communication and social interaction skills (pp. 221–256). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
Sandler, I. N., & Barrera, M. Jr. (1984). Toward a multimethod approach to assessing the effects of social support. American Journal of Community Psychology, 12, 37–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandler, I. N., & Lakey, B. (1982). Locus of control as a stress moderator: The role of control perceptions and social support. American Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 65–80CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarason, B. R., Pierce, G. R., & Sarason, I. G. (1990). Social support: The sense of acceptance and the role of relationships. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactive view (pp. 97–128). New York: Wiley
Sarason, B. R., & Sarason, I. G. (1994). Assessment of social support. In S. A. Shumaker & S. M. Czajkowski (Eds.), Social support and cardiovascular disease (pp. 41–63). New York: PlenumCrossRef
Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., & Gurung, R. A. R. (1997). Close personal relationships and health outcomes: A key to the role of social support. In S. Duck (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships(2nd ed., pp. 547–573). New York: Wiley
Savelkoul, M., Post, M. W. M., Witte, L. P., & Borne, H. G. (2000). Social support, coping, and subjective well-being in patients with rheumatic diseases. Patient Education and Counseling, 39, 205–218CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaefer, C., Coyne, J. C., & Lazarus, R. S. (1981). The health related functions of social support. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 381–406CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schieman, S., & Turner, H. A. (2001). “When feeling other people's pain hurts”: The influence of psychosocial resources on the association between self-reported empathy and depressive symptoms. Social Psychology Quarterly, 64, 376–389CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schreurs, K. M. G., & DeRidder, D. T. D. (1997). Integration of coping and social support perspectives: Implications for the study of adaptation to chronic diseases. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 89–112CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwarzer, R., & Leppin, A. (1989). Social support and health: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Health: An International Journal, 3, 1–15CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwarzer, R., & Leppin, A. (1991). Social support and health: A theoretical and empirical overview. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, 99–127CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Searcy, E., & Eisenberg, N. (1992). Defensiveness in response to aid from a sibling. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 422–433CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seeman, T. E. (2000). Health promoting effects of friends and family on health outcomes in older adults. American Journal of Health Promotion, 14, 362–370CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Segrin, C., & Givertz, M. (2003). Methods of social skills training and development. In J. O. Greene & B. R. Burleson (Eds.), Handbook of communication and social interaction skills (pp. 135–176). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
Sher, T. G., & Baucom, D. H. (2001). Mending a broken heart: A couples approach to cardiac risk reduction. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 10, 125–133Google Scholar
Shinn, M., Lehmann, S., & Wong, N. W. (1984). Social interaction and social support. Journal of Social Issues, 40, 55–76CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shumaker, S. A., & Brownell, A. (1984). Toward a theory of social support: Closing conceptual gaps. Journal of Social Issues, 40, 11–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C. E., Fernengel, K., Holcroft, C., Gerald, K., & Marien, L. (1994). Meta-analysis of the associations between social support and health outcomes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 16, 352–362Google Scholar
Smith, J., & Goodnow, J. J. (1999). Unasked-for support and unsolicited advice: Age and the quality of social experience. Psychology and Aging, 14, 108–121CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snyder, C. R., & Higgins, R. L. (1988). Excuses: Their effective role in the negotiation of reality. Psychological Bulletin, 104, 23–35CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sprecher, S., Metts, S., Burleson, B., Hatfield, E., & Thompson, A. (1995). Domains of expressive interaction in intimate relationships: Associations with satisfaction and commitment. Family Relations, 44, 203–210CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stokes, J. P. (1983). Predicting satisfaction with social support from social network structure. American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 141–152CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swanson-Hyland, E. F. (1996). The influence of spousal social support on psychological and physical health among persons with type II diabetes mellitus: A test of the optimal matching model of social support. Unpublished dissertation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
Swindle, R., Heller, K., Pescosolido, B., & Kikuzawa, S. (2000). Responses to nervous breakdowns in America over a 40-year period. American Psychologist, 55, 740–749CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tannen, D. (1990). You just don't understand: Women and men in conversation. New York: Ballantine Books
Tannen, D. (1993). Framing in discourse. New York: Oxford University Press
Taylor, S. E., & Armor, D. A. (1996). Positive illusions and coping with adversity. Journal of Personality, 64, 873–898CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, S. E., Falke, R. L., Mazel, R. M., & Hilsberg, B. L. (1988). Sources of satisfaction and dissatisfaction among members of cancer support groups. In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.), Marshaling social support (pp. 187–208). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Taylor, S. E., Kemeny, M. E., Reed, G. M., Bower, J. E., & Gruenewald, T. L. (2000). Psychological resources, positive illusions, and health. American Psychologist, 55, 99–109CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thoits, P. A. (1985). Social support and psychological well-being: Theoretical possibilities. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research, and application (pp. 51–72). Dordrecht: Martinus NijhoffCrossRef
Thoits, P. A. (1986). Social support as coping assistance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 416–423CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thoits, P. A. (1995). Stress, coping, and social support processes: Where are we? What next? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Extra Issue, 53–79
Thompson, K. E., & Range, L. M. (1992). Bereavement following suicide and other deaths: Why support attempts fail. Omega, 26, 61–70Google Scholar
Tijhuis, M. A. R., Flap, H. D., Foets, M., & Groenewegen, P. P. (1995). Social support and stressful life events in two dimensions: Life events and illness as an event. Social Science & Medicine, 40, 1513–1526CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timmerman, I. H. G., Emanuels-Zuurveen, E. S., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2000). The Social Support Inventory (SSI): A brief scale to assess perceived adequacy of social support. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 7, 401–4103.0.CO;2-I>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tracy, K. (1989). Conversational dilemmas and the naturalistic experiment. In B. Dervin, L. Grossberg, B. J. O'Keefe, & E. Wartella (Eds.), Rethinking communication: Vol. 2. Paradigm exemplars (pp. 411–423). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Tracy, K. (1990). The many faces of face work. In H. Giles & W. P. Robinson (Eds.), Handbook of language and social psychology (pp. 209–226). New York: Wiley
Tracy, K. (1998). Analyzing context: Framing the discussion. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 31, 1–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tripathi, R., Caplan, R., & Naidu, R. (1986). Accepting advice: A modifier of social support's effect on well-being. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 3, 213–228CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tucker, M. B., & Johnson, O. (1989). Competence-promoting versus competence inhibiting social support for mentally retarded mothers. Human Organization, 48, 95–107CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uchino, B. N., Cacioppo, J. T., Malarkey, W., Glaser, R., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (1995). Appraisal support predicts age-related differences in cardiovascular function in women. Health Psychology, 14, 556–562CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uehara, E. S. (1995). Reciprocity reconsidered: Gouldner's ‘moral norm of reciprocity’ and social support. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 12, 483–502CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ugolini, K. A. (1998). The effects of social support type on psychosocial adjustment to low back pain: Testing the optimal matching model. Unpublished dissertation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
Umberson, D. (1987). Family status and health behaviors: Social control as a dimension of social integration. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 28, 306–319CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vachon, M. L. S., & Stylianos, S. K. (1988). The role of social support in bereavement. Journal of Social Issues, 44, 175–190CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vangelisti, A. L., Crumley, L. P., & Baker, J. L. (1999). Family portraits: Stories as standards for family relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 4, 203–219CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaux, A., & Harrison, D. (1985). Social network characteristics associated with support satisfaction and perceived support. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13, 245–267CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veiel, H. O. F. (1992). Some cautionary notes on buffer effects. In H. O. F. Veiel & U. Baumann (Eds.), The meaning and measurement of social support (pp. 273–289). New York: Hemisphere
Veroff, J., Douvan, E., & Kulka, R. A. (1981). The inner American: A self-portrait from 1957 to 1976. New York: Basic Books, Inc.
Vinokur, A., Schul, Y., & Caplan, R. D. (1987). Determinants of perceived social support: Interpersonal transactions, personal outlook, and transient affective states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1137–1145CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Viswesvaran, C., Sanchez, J. I., & Fisher, J. (1999). The role of social support in the process of work stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 314–334CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wade, C. K., Howell, F. M., & Wells, J. G. (1994). Turning to family, friends, or others: A model of social network usage during stressful events. Sociological Spectrum, 14, 385–407CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wade, T. D., & Kendler, K. S. (2000). Absence of interactions between social support and stressful life events in the prediction of major depressive symptomatology in women. Psychological Medicine, 30, 965–974CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallsten, S. M., Tweed, D. L., Blazer, D. G., & George, L. K. (1999). Disability and depressive symptoms in the elderly: The effects of instrumental support and its subjective appraisal. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 48, 145–159CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walster, E. G., Walster, W., & Berscheid, E. (1978). Equity: Theory and research. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon
Wan, C. K., Jaccard, J., & Ramey, S. L. (1996). The relationship between social support and life satisfaction as a function of family structure. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 502–513CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wellman, B., & Wortley, S. (1990). Different strokes from different folks: Community ties and social support. American Journal of Sociology, 96, 558–588CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenz-Gross, M., Siperstein, G. N., Untch, A. S., & Widaman, K. F. (1997). Stress, social support, and adjustment of adolescents in middle school. Journal of Early Adolescence, 17, 129–151CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werner, T. A., & Monsour, M. (1997). Resocialization of the bereaved via interpersonal communication techniques. Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss, 2, 345–366CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westman, M., & Vinokur, A. D. (1998). Unraveling the relationship of distress levels within couples: Common stressors, empathic reactions, or crossover via social interaction?Human Relations, 51, 137–156CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wethington, E., & Kessler, R. C. (1986). Perceived support, received support, and adjustment to stressful life events. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 27, 78–89CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wheaton, B. (1985). Models for the stress-buffering functions of coping resources. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 26, 352–364CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiesenfeld, A. R., & Weis, H. M. (1979). Hairdressers and helping: Influencing the behavior of informal caregivers. Professional Psychology, 10, 786–792CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilcox, B. L., & Vernberg, E. M. (1985). Conceptual and theoretical dilemmas facing social support research. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 3–20). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus NijhoffCrossRef
Wills, T. A. (1983). Social comparison in coping and help-seeking. In B. M. DePaulo, A. Nadler, & J. D. Fisher (Eds.), New directions in helping: Vol. 2. Help-seeking (pp. 109–141). New York: Academic Press
Wills, T. A. (1990). Multiple networks and substance use. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, 78–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wills, T. A. (1992). The helping process in the context of personal relationships. In S. Spacapan & S. Oskamp (Eds.), Helping and being helped: Naturalistic studies (pp. 17–48). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Wills, T. A., & Shinar, O. (2000). Measuring perceived and received social support. In S. Cohen, L. G. Underwood, & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 86–135). Oxford, UK: Oxford University PressCrossRef
Wilson, S. R., Aleman, C. B., & Leatham, G. B. (1998). Identity implications of influence goals: A revised analysis of face-threatening acts and application to seeking compliance with same-sex friends. Human Communication Research, 25, 64–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winemiller, D. R., Mitchell, M. E., Sutliff, J., & Cline, D. J. (1993). Measurement strategies in social support: A descriptive review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49, 638–6483.0.CO;2-7>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wortman, C. B., & Conway, T. (1985). The role of social support in adaptation and recovery from physical illness. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 281–302). New York: Academic Press
Wortman, C. B., & Dunkel-Schetter, C. (1979). Interpersonal relationships and cancer: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Social Issues, 35, 120–155CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yates, B. C. (1995). The relationships among social support and short-and long-term recovery outcomes in men with coronary heart disease. Research on Nursing and Health, 18, 193–203CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ybema, J. F., Kuijer, R. G., Buunk, B. P., DeJong, G. M., & Sanderman, R. (2001). Depression and perceptions of inequity among couples facing cancer. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 3–13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, C. E., Giles, D. E., & Plantz, M. C. (1982). Natural networks: Help-giving and help-seeking in two rural communities. American Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 457–469CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zich, J., & Temoshok, L. (1987). Perceptions of social support in men with AIDS and ARC: Relationships with distress and hardiness. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 17, 193–215CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Daena J. Goldsmith, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
  • Book: Communicating Social Support
  • Online publication: 27 March 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606984.009
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Daena J. Goldsmith, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
  • Book: Communicating Social Support
  • Online publication: 27 March 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606984.009
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Daena J. Goldsmith, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
  • Book: Communicating Social Support
  • Online publication: 27 March 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606984.009
Available formats
×