In the later middle ages it became common for many Irish bishops to act as suffragans in English sees. Some of these had resigned their Irish appointments or been unable to gain access to them, but many were technically supposed to be governing their titular see as well, and the existence of this phenomenon is a good indication of the relative weakness of many Irish dioceses before the reformation. The following list gives all such bishops in chronological order, with their Irish title preceded by the name of the English diocese(s) where they served. Those who had already resigned their Irish see or been deprived of it are indicated by (R) and (D) respectively; those who had never managed to claim it are designated by an asterisk (*). Suffragan sees which were not English are in italics.