असौ/अदस्- ‘THAT’
This is another pronoun that means ‘this’ or ‘that’ (असौ is its NOM SG MASC, अदस्- its NOM SG NTR and stem form). When contrasted with अयम्/इदम्- (Chapter 20), अयम्/इदम्- expresses ‘this (closer) one’, it refers to ‘that one (further away)’. This paradigm is more difficult to memorise due to the large number of different stems. Also, it is used more rarely than अयम्/इदम्-, and is thus given here mainly for reference purposes.
The best way of familiarising yourself with this paradigm is the following: the endings outside of the NOMACC are recognisable. Thus memorise the NOMACC of all numbers and genders, and the different stems that appear in this paradigm (amu-, amuṣ- (both genders), amī- (MASC PL), amū- (DU of both genders, FEM PL)). This will enable you to identify the various parts of this paradigm when you encounter them in a text.
VOCABULARY
√यम् (I यच्छति or यमति) ‘to hold; to raise’
√काङ्क्ष् (kāṅkṣ) (I काङ्क्षति, -ते) ‘to long for, wait for’
√शी (II शेते; I शयते, -ति) ‘to lie, lie down’
EXERCISES
1) Identify. Example: अमू – NomVocAcc Du Masc/Ntr/Fem of असौ.
१) अमीभ्यः
२) अमूषु
३) असौ
४) एनानि
५) अमुष्याः
६) अमुया
७) एने
८) अमूभ्यः
९) अमीषु
१०) अमीभिः
११) एनेन
१२) अमुना
१३) अमूभिः
१४) अमूभ्याम्
१५) अमुयोः १६) एनत्
१७) अमूनि
१८) अमुष्यै
READING: Bhagavad-Gītā 2.41–56 – Free yourself from old teachings
As this part of the text alludes to a number of concepts discussed in more detail elsewhere and uses some technical terminology, more annotations are necessary. Much of what follows requires various kinds of background knowledge and is more open to interpretation than the preceding parts of the text. The goal of the annotations is to allow a basic, grammatical understanding of the text, on the basis of which differing interpretations of the literal contents may then be understood. – The vocatives still all address Arjuna.
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